An Archive of Resources on Global Warming

Image credit: Gino Santa Maria

Web Page Contact twimber@fgcu.edu

"No credible peer-reviewed scientist in the world disagrees any longer that
the globe is warming and that humans are causing it."


- Laurie David, Producer 'An Inconvenient Truth'

 

 

"Political decisions based on the statement 'the science is settled' have a guaranteed short life."

 

Ian Plimer - Geologist and Emeritus Professor of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, and

author of Heaven and Earth: Global Warming the Missing Science (2009)

 

 

 Non-Anthropogenic Explanations of Global Warming and Climate Change

Since those who are critical of climate skeptics and their research go out of their way to discount the scholarship of these researchers, a bit of explanation for what follows is in order. These articles are not necessarily authored by so-called climate skeptics (though in many instances they are). The intent of including these articles in this archive is to present research that in one fashion or another contradicts, questions or challenges assumptions associated with the dominant global warming/climate change paradigm. Consequently, within this collection you can find articles that questions the association of tropical cyclone intensity and frequency with AGW and research that challenges, questions, or demonstrates the limitations of current climate models that the IPCC relies upon. You can also find studies that demonstrate the long, long history of abrupt and dramatic climate change that predates human usages of carbon fuels to any significant degree thereby questioning whether modern climate changes are indeed human induced or part of a much longer natural process. Other articles will discuss the role of solar activity and cloud formation in climate change as well as the complex role of global wind and ocean currents. Still other research analyzes the relationship between ice formation and climate change -especially in the polar regions, but also among glacial formations. Studies of sea level change, precipitation, vegetation and crop growth, human ecology associated with climate change and studies of the impact of CO2 on climate and crops are likewise included. Beyond these, there are a number of historical and anthropological studies include that document human culture during previous periods of warming and cooling, as well as a number of policy analyses that considers how various responses to climate change produce anticipated and unanticipated social, political and economic changes. This is the range of articles to be found in these pages. Whenever possible we have provided links to original research articles so that the reader can study the research itself rather than relying upon the interpretation of this research by commentators and pundits.

(800+ articles alphabetically arranged by author's name)

 

A-G

H-O

P-Z

 

 
  1. Pahnke, Katharina and Sachs, Julian P. (2006) “Sea Surface Temperatures Of Southern Midlatitudes 0–160 Kyr B.P.” Paleoceanography. Vol.. 21, PA2003.

  2. Palamara, Daniel (2003) “Solar Activity and Recent Climate Change: Evaluating the Impact of Geomagnetic Activity on Atmospheric Circulation,” Doctoral Thesis, University of Wollongong, School of Geosciences, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.

  3. Pallι Bagσ, E., and Butler, C. J (2000) “Sunshine, Clouds and Cosmic RaysProceedings of the First SOLSPA Euroconference, Canary Island, September, ESA Special Publication SP-463, 147-152.

  4. Pallι B. E., and Butler, C. J (2000) “The Influence of Cosmic Rays on Terrestrial Clouds and Global WarmingAstronomy and Geophysics. Vol. 41, No. 4, p. 18-22.

  5. Pallι, E. P., Butler, C.J., and O’brien, K K. (2004) “The possible connection between ionization in the atmosphere by cosmic rays and low level clouds,” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Vol. 66, p.1779–1790.

  6. Paltridge, Garth (2004) “The Politicised Science of Climate ChangeQuadrant Magazine (Science). (October), Volume XLVIII Number 10

  7. Parry, M., Arnell, N., Hulme, N., Nichols, R. and Livermore, M. (1998) “Adapting To The Inevitable,” Nature. Vol. 395, p. 741.

  8. Patterson, Tim (2005) “The Geologic Record and Climate Change,” Risk: Regulation and Reality Conference, October 7, Toronto, Ontario.

  9. Pauling, A. and Paeth, H. (2007) “On the Variability of Return Periods of European Winter Precipitation Extremes Over the Last Three CenturiesClimate of the Past. Vol. 3, p. 65-76.

  10. Pavelsky, T., Boι, J., Hall, A. and Fetzer, E. (2009) “Atmospheric Inversion Strength Over Polar Oceans In Winter Regulated By Sea Ice,” UCLA Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Los Angeles, CA.

  11. Pena, L. D., Francιs ,G., Diz, P., Nombela, M. A. and Alejo, I. (2007) “Climate Fluctuations during the Holocene in NW Iberia: High and Low Latitude Linkages,” Climate of the Past. Vol. 3, No. 6, p. 1283-1309.

  12. Perovich, D. K., Grenfell, T. C.;  Light, B.;  Elder, B. C.;  Harbeck, J. C.;  Polashenski, W. Tucker, B. and Stelmach, C. (2009) “Transpolar Observations of the Morphological Properties of Arctic Sea Ice,” Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 114, C00A04.

  13. Perry, Charles A. (2007) “Evidence For A Physical Linkage Between Galactic Cosmic Rays And Regional Climate Time SeriesJournal of Advances in Space Research. (February).

  14. Perry, Charles A. and Hsu, Kenneth (2000) “Geophysical, Archaeological, And Historical Evidence Support A Solar-Output Model For Climate Change,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Vol. 97, No. 23, p. 12433-12438.

  15. Petition Project (1998) "Signatures of Dissenting Scientists to the CO2 Theory of Global Warming,” La Jolla, CA: The Petition Project.

  16. Phillips, T. J., Potter, G. L., Williamson, D.L., Cederwall, R.T., and Boyle, J.S. (2004) “Evaluating Parameterizations
    in General Circulation Models
    Bulletin of the AmericanMeteorological Society. Vol. 85, p. 1903-1915.

  17. Piao, S. et al. (2011) "Contribution of climate change and rising CO2 to terrestrial carbon balance in East Asia: A multi-model analysis," Global and Planetary Change. Vol. 75, 133–142.

  18. Piao, S. et al. (2008) "Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming," Nature. Vol. 451, No. 3, p. 49-53.

  19. S. Piao, P. Friedlingstein, C. P., L. Zhou and A. Chen. 2006. “Effect of Climate and CO2 Changes on the Greening of the Northern Hemisphere Over the Past Two Decades Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 33, L23402 23401-23406.

  20. Pickart, R. S., G.W.K Moore, D. J. Torres, P. S. Fratantoni, R. A. Goldsmith, and J. Yang (2009) “Uwpelling on The Continental Slope of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Storms, Ice, and Oceanographic ResponseJournal of Geophysical Research, (in press).

  21. Pielke, Roger Jr. (2005) “Meteorology: Are There Trends In Hurricane Destruction?” Nature. Vol. 438, Nos. 22/29, p. E11.

  22. Pielke, Jr., R.A., (2003) “The Role of Models in Prediction For Decision,” in C. Canham and W. Lauenroth (eds.), Understanding Ecosystems: The Role of Quantitative Models in Observations, Synthesis, and Prediction. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, p. 113-137.

  23. Pielke, Jr., R.A., Landsea, C., Emanuel, K., Mayfield, M., Laver, J., and Pasch, R. (2005) “Hurricanes and Global Warming,” Journal of the American Meteorological Society. November, pp. 1571-1575.

  24. Pielke, Roger Sr., Nielsen-Gammon, John, Davey, Christopher, Angel, Jim, Bliss, Odie, Doesken, Nolan, Cai, Ming, Fall, Souleyman, Niyogi, Dev, Gallo, Kevin, Hale, Robert, Hubbard, Kenneth G., Lin, Xiaomao, Li, Hong Li, and Raman, Sethu (2007) "Documentation of uncertainties and biases associated with surface temperature measurement sites for climate change assessment," American Meteorological Society. Vol. 88, No. 6, p. 913-927.

  25. Pielke, Roger Jr., Landsea, Christopher, Mayfield, Max, Laver, Jim and Pasch, Richard (2006) “Reply to ‘Hurricanes and Global Warming – Potential Linkages and Consequences’,” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS). (May), p. 628-631.

  26. Pielke, Roger Jr.;  Liston, G.; Chapman, W. and  Robinson, D. (2002) “Actual And Insolation-Weighted Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover And Sea-Ice Between 1973–2002,” Climate Dynamics. Vol. 22, Issues 6-7, p. 591-595.

  27. Pielke Jr., Roger, Wigley, Tom and Green, Christopher (2008) “Dangerous Assumptions,” Nature. Vol. 452, p. 531-532.

  28. Plimer, Ian (2009) “The Cold Facts About Global Warming,” Professor of Mining Geology at The University of Adelaide.

  29. Pollack, H.N., Huang, S., and Smerdon, J.E. (2006) “Five Centuries of Climate Change in Australia: The View From Underground,” Journal of Quanternary Science. Vol. 21, No. 7, p. 701-706.

  30. Pollard, D. and R.M. DeConto, (2009) "Modelling West Antarctic ice sheet growth and collapse through the past five million years," Nature, Vol. 458, p. 329–333.

  31. Polyakov, Igor V., and Johnson, Mark A. (2000) "Arctic decadal and interdecadal variability," Geophysical Letters. VOL. 27, NO. 24, PP. 4097-4100, doi:10.1029/2000GL011909.

  32. Powell, Dylan; Markus, Thorsten and Stossel, Achim (2003) “The Effects Of Snow Depth Forcing On Southern Ocean Sea Ice Simulations,” Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 110, C06001.

  33. Prins, Gwyn and Rayner, Steve (2008) “The Kyoto Protocol,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Vol. 64, No. 1, p. 45-48, 58.

  34. Proshutinsky, A., Pavlov, V., and Bourke, R. H. (2001) “Sea Level Rise in the Arctic Ocean,” Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 28, No. 11, (June 1), p. 2237-2240.

  35. Proshutinsky, A.; Bourke, R. H.; McLaughlin, F. A.  (2002) “The role of the Beaufort Gyre in Arctic climate variability: Seasonal to decadal climate scales” Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 29, No. 23, L015847.

  36. Proshutinsky, A. and Morison, J. (2007) “OceanAtlantic Report Card 2007.  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Washington, D.C.

  37. Pudsey, Carol J. and Evans, Jeffrey (2001) “First Survey Of Antarctic Sub–Ice Shelf Sediments Reveals Mid-Holocene Ice Shelf Retreat,” Geology. Vol. 29; No. 9; p. 787-790.

  38. Pudsey, Carol J. and Evans, Jeffrey (2001) “First survey of Antarctic sub–ice shelf sediments reveals mid-Holocene ice shelf retreat Geology, Vol. 29, No. 9, p. 787-790.

  39. Qu, X., Hall, A., Boι, J., Mosley-Thompson, E. and Thompson, LG (2009), “Is Recent Sea Ice Expansion In The Southern Ocean Anthropogenic?” UCLA Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Los Angeles, CA.

  40. Qu, X., Boι, J. and Hall, A. (2008) “Origins of Simulated Decadal Variability in the Southern Ocean Region,” UCLA Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Los Angeles, CA.

  41. Qu, X. and Hall, A. (2006) “Assessing Snow Albedo Feedback In Simulated Climate Change,” Journal of Climate. Vol. 19, p. 2617-2630.

  42. Qu, X. and Hall A. (2005) “Surface Contribution To Planetary Albedo Variability In Cryosphere Regions” Journal of Climate, Vol. 18, p. 5239-5252

  43. Quirk, Tom (2009) “Sources and Sinks of Carbon DioxideEnergy & Environment. Vol. 20, No. 1-2., pp. 105-121.

  44. Rahmstorf, Stefan (2003) “Timing of Abrupt Climate Change: A Precise Clock,” Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 30, No. 10, L017814.

  45. Ramanathan, V. (2008) “Global And Regional Climate Changes Due To Black CarbonNature Geoscience. Vol. 1, p. 221-227.

  46. Ramanathan, Veerabhadran, Ramana, Muvva V., Roberts, Gregory, Kim, Dohyeong, Corrigan, Craig, Chung, Chul, Winkler, David (2007) “Warming Trends In Asia Amplified By Brown Cloud Solar Absorption,” Nature. Vol., 448, p. 575-578.

  47. Ramanthan, V. and Inamdar, Anand (2006) "The radiative forcing due to clouds and water vapor ," In J.T. Kiehl and V. Ramanathan's Frontiers in Climate Modeling. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, p. 119-151.

  48. Ramanujan, Krishna (2002) “Satellites Show Overall Increases In Antarctic Sea Ice Cover,” Goddard Space Science Center (NASA), Greenblet, MD, (August 22).

  49. Raspopov, O.M.; Dergachev, V.A. and Guskova, E.G. (2008) “On A Combined Influence Of Long-Term Solar Activity Variations And Geomagnetic Dipole Changes On Climate Change,” Proceedings of the 7th International Conference "Problems of Geocosmos" St. Petersburg, Russia, 26-30 May, p. 229-234.

  50. Raspopov, O.M.; Dergachev, V..A.; Esper, J.; Kozyreva, O.V.; Frank, D. Ogurtsov, M.; Kolstrom, T. and Shao, X (2008) “The Influence of the DeVries (~200-Year) Solar Cycle on Climate Variations: Results from the Central Asian Mountains and Their Global Link,” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeocology. Vol. 259, p. 6-16.

  51. Raspopov, O.M.,  Dergachev, V.A., Kuzmin, A.V., Kozyreva, O.V., Ogurtsov, M.G.,  Kolstrφm, T. and Lopatin, E. (2007) “Regional Tropospheric Responses To Long-Term Solar Activity VariationsAdvances in Space Research. Vol. 40, No. 7, p. 1167-1172.

  52. Raspopov, O. M., Dergachev, A. V. , Kolstrom, T., Kuzmin, A. V., Lopatin, E. V. Lopatin, and Lisitsyna, O. V. (2007) “Long-Term Solar Activity Variations as a Stimulator of Abrupt Climate Change,” Russian Journal of Earth Sciences. Vol. 9, No. 3, ES3002.

  53. Reeh, N., H.H. Thomsen, O.B. Olesen, and W. Starzer (1997) “Mass balance of north Greenland,” Science, 278, 207-209.

  54. Reeh, N., C. Mayer, H. Miller, H.H. Thomson, and A. Weidick (1999) “Present and past climate control on fjord glaciations in Greenland: implications for IRD-deposition in the sea,” Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 1039-1042.

  55. Reid, George C. (1991) “Solar Total Irradiance Variation And The Global Sea Surface Temperature Record,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 96, No. D2, p. 2835–2844.

  56. Reiter, Paul (2007) “Global Warming Won’t Spread MalariaEIR Science and Environment. (April 6), p. 52-56.

  57. Renssen, H., Goose, H., and Muscheler, R. (2006) “Coupled Climate Model Simulation of Holocene Cooling Events: Solar Forcing Triggers Oceanic FeedbackClimate of the Past. Vol. 2, 209–232.

  58. Rial, J.A.  (2004) “Abrupt Climate Change: Chaos and Order at Orbital and Millennial Scales Global and Planetary Change. Vol. 41, p. 95-109.

  59. Rigor, Ignatius G.; Colony, Roger L.; Martin, Seelye (2000) “Variations in Surface Air Temperature Observations in the Arctic, 1979–97,” Journal of Climate. Vol. 13, p. 896-914.

  60. Rigozoa, N. R., Nordemannc, D. J. R., da Silvab, H. E., de Souza Echera, M. P. and Echer, E. (2007) “Solar and climate signal records in tree ring width from Chile (AD 1587–1994)Planetary and Space Science. Vol. 55, p. 158-164.

  61. Riihimaki , Laura and Vignola, Frank (2005) “Trends In Direct Normal Solar Irradiance In Oregon From 1979-2003,” International Solar Energy Society: Solar World Congress, Orlando, Florida, August 6-12.

  62. Rizzi, Ronaldo, Matricardi, Marco and Mynczak, M.G (2002) "Simulation of uplooking and downlooking high-resolution radiance spectra with two different radiative transfer models ," Applied Optics, Vol. 41. No. 6, p. 940-956.  Robertson, Franklin R. and Lu, H-I (2004) “How Well Are Recent Climate Variability Signals Resolved By Satellite Radiative Flux Estimates?” 13th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Norfolk, VA.

  63. Robinson, Arthur B., Robinson, Noah, E., Soon, Willie (2007) “Environmental Effects of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, “Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons. Vol. 12, p. 79-90.

  64. Robinson, Arthur B., Baliunas, Sallie L. Soon, Willie and Robinson, Zachary W. (1998) “Environmental Effects of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide,” LaJolla, CA: The Petition Project.

  65. Roe, Gerald (2006) “In Defense Of MilankovitchGeophysical Research Letters. Vol. 33, L24703

  66. Rogpza. Nivaor R., Nordemann, Daniel J. R., da Silva, Heitor E.,  Echer, Mariza P. and Echer, Ezequiel (2007) “Solar And Climate Signal Records In Tree Ring Width From Chile (AD 1587–1994)Planetary and Space Science. Vol. 55, No. 1-2, p. 158-164.

  67. Roig, F. A., Le Quesne, C., Boninsegna, J. A ., Briffa, K. R., Lara, A., Grudd, H., Jones, P. D. and Villagran, C. (2001) “Climate Variability 50,000 Years Ago in Mid-Latitude Chile as Reconstructed From Tree Rings,” Nature. Vol. 410 (Mar 29), No. 6828, p. 567-70.

  68. Rorsch, Arthur (2008) “Pseudoscientific Elements in Global Warming Research,” Science and Public Policy Institute, Washington, D.C.

  69. Rosing, Minik, T., Bird, Dennis K., Sleep, Norman H., Bjerrum, Christian J. (2010) “No Climate Paradox Under The Faint Early Sun,” Nature. Vol. 464, p. 744-747.

  70. Rossow, W. B. and R. A. Schiffer. (1999) “Advances in Understanding Clouds from ISCCPBulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Vol. 80, No. 11 p. 2261-2287.

  71. Rossow, W. B. and R. A. Schiffer. (1991) “ISCCP Cloud Data Products," Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Vol. 72, No. 1, p. 2-20.

  72. Ruzmaikin, Alexander, Feynman, Joan and Yung, Yuk L. (2006) “Is Solar Variability Reflected In The Nile River?” Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 111, D21114

  73. Sadler J.P. and Grattan J.P. (1999) “Volcanoes As Agents of Past Environmental Change,” Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 21, No. 1, (July), p. 181-196.

  74. Sanson, John and Renwick, James A. (2007) "Climate Change Scenarios for New Zealand Rainfall," Journal of Applied Metorology and Climatology. Vol. 46, p. 573-590.

  75. Sarewitz, D. & Pielke, R. (2000) "Breaking the Global Warming Deadlock" Atlantic Monthly, July, 2000. 

  76. Sarnthein, M., Bartoli, G., Prange, M., Schmittner, A., Schneider, B., Weinelt, M. (2009) “Mid-Pliocene shifts in ocean overturning circulation and the onset of Quaternary-style climates," Climate of the Past. Vol. 5, p. 269-283.

  77. Sasaki, Y. N.; Minobe, S.; Schneider, N.; Kagimoto, T.; Nonaka, M.; Sasaki, H. (2008) “Decadal Sea Level Variability in the South Pacific in a Global Eddy-Resolving Ocean Model Hindcast,” Journal of Physical Oceanography. Vol. 38, p. 1731-1747.

  78. Sato, Mki., Hansen, J.; Kock, D.; Lacis, A.;  Ruedy, R.; Dubovik, O.; Holben, B.; Chin, M. and Novakov, T. (2003) “Global Atmospheric Black Carbon Inferred From AERONETPNAS. Vol. 100, No. 11, p. 6319-6324.

  79. Scafetta, Nicola and West, Bruce J. (2008) "Is Climate Sensitive to Solar Variability?" Physics Today. (March), p. 50-51. 

  80. Scafetta, Nicola  and  West, Bruce J. (2007) “Phenomenological Reconstructions Of The Solar Signature In The Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Records Since 1600Journal Of Geophysical Research. Vol. 112, D24S03.

  81. Scafetta, Nicola and West, Bruce J. (2006) “Phenomenological solar contribution to the 1900–2000 global surface
    warming”
    Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 33, L05708.

  82. Scafetta, Nicola and West, Bruce J. (2006) “Phenomenological solar signature in 400 years of reconstructed Northern Hemisphere temperature record,” Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 33, L17718.

  83. Shaffer, W.M. (2009) “A Surfeit Of CyclesEnergy and Environment. Vol. 20, No. 6, p. 985-996.

  84. Scherer, W., Schum, S.K., and Woodworth, P. (1998) “Impact of Sea Level Variations in the Asia-Pacific Region,” Draft Science Working Group Report, The Second International Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Space Geodynamics (APSG) Program, Tahita, French Polynesia, (May 12-16).

  85. Scherler, Dirk, Bookhagen, Bodo and Strecker Manfred R. (2010) "Spatially variable response of Himalayan glaciers to climate change affected by debris cover," Nature Geoscience. 4, 156Π159 (2011) doi:10.1038/ngeo1068

  86. Schiermeier, Quirin (2008) “Sediment Cores Reveal Antarctica’s Warmer PastNature. Vol. 453, p. 13.

  87. Schulz, M., Prange, M., and Klocker, A. (2007) “Low-Frequency Oscillations Of The Atlantic Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation In A Coupled Climate Model,” Climate of the Past. Vol. 3, p. 97-107. 

  88. Schulz, Michael and Paul, Andrι (2002) “Holocene Climate Variability on Centennial-to-Millennial Time Scales: Climate Records from the North-Atlantic Realm,” In Wefer G., Berger W., Behre K-E., Jansen E. (Eds), Climate Development and History of the North Atlantic Realm. Berlin Heidelberg, GR: Springer-Verlag Publishers, p. 41-54.

  89. Schwander, J., Sowers, T., Barnola, J.M., Blunier, T. and Malaize, B. (1997) “Age Scale of the Air in the Summit Ice: Implications for Glacial-Interglacial Temperature Change,” Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 102, No. D16, p. 19,483-19493.

  90. Schwartz, Stephen E. (2007) “Heat Capacity, Time Constant, and Sensitivity of Earth’s Climate System,” Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 112, No. D24: D24S05.

  91. Science and Public Policy Institute (2009) "Essential Readings on The Futility and Danger of CO2 Mitigation Schemes," SPPI CO2 Mitigation Collection. May 19.

  92. Science and Public Policy Institute (2009) "A Storm of Errors," Washington, D.C.

  93. Science and Public Policy Institute (2009) "Essential Readings on the Futility and Danger of CO2 Mitigation Schemes," Washington, D.C., May 19.

  94. Science and Public Policy Institute (2009) "Observed Climate Change and the Negligible Global Effect of Greenhouse-gas Emission Limits in the State of Alaska," Washington, D.C., January.

  95. Science and Public Policy Institute (2008) "Antarctic Ice Loss: Is There Really a Problem? (A Review of Rignot, et al." Washington, D.C., January. 

  96. Science and Public Policy Institute (2008) "Observed Climate Change and the Negligible Global Effect of Greenhouse Gas Emission Limits in the State of Florida," Washington, D.C.

  97. Science and Public Policy Institute (2008) "An Unscientific "Science Brief" by the Pew Center on "The Causes of Global Warming,"" Washington, DC, October 31.

  98. Science and Public Policy Institute (2007) "The “Unruly Sunne” Cannot Be Ruled Out As A Cause Of Recent Climate Variation," Washington, D.C., August.

  99. Seager, Richard (2007) “Climate Mythology: The Gulf Stream, European climate and Abrupt Change,” Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, New York, NY.

  100. Seager, Richard and Battisti, David S. (2005) “Challenges to Our Understanding Of The General Circulation: Abrupt Climate Change,” In Tapio Schneider and Adam H. Sobel’s The Global Circulation Of The Atmosphere. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 331-372.

  101. Segelstad, Tom V. (1997) “Carbon Cycle Modeling and the Residence Time of Natural and Anthropogenic Atmospheric CO2 on the Construction of the “Greenhouse Effect Global Warming” Dogma,” University of Oslo.

  102. Segalstad, Tom V.(1995) “The Distribution of CO2 between Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Lithosphere,” University of Oslo.

  103. Seitz, Frederick (1998) “Letter from Frederick Seitz: Research Review of Global Warming Evidence,” LaJolla, CA: The Petition Project.

  104. Sellinger, Ynthiae, Stow, Craig A.; Lamon, E . Conrad and Qian, Song S. (2008) “Recent Water Level Declines in the Lake Michigan-Huron System Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 42, p. 367–373.

  105. Seppa, H.,  Bjune,  A.E., Telford, R.J., Birks, H.J.B., and  Veski, S. (2009) “Last Nine-Thousand Years of Temperature Variability in Northern Europe,” Climate of the Past Discussions. Vol. 5, p. 1521-1522.

  106. Sepulchre, Pierre; Ramstein, Gilles; Fluteau, Frederic; Schuster, Mathieu; Tiercelin, Jean-Jacques and Brunet, Michel (2006) "Tectonic uplift and Eastern Africa Aridification," Science. Vol. 313, No. 5792, pp. 1419-1423. 

  107. Seymour, Julia and Gainor, Dan (2008) “Global Warming Censored: How the Major Networks Silence the Debate on Global Warming,” Global Research. (April 9).

  108. Shao, Y. (2002) "Chaos of a simple coupled system generated by interaction and external forcing," Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. Vol. 81, Iss. 3-4, p. 191.

  109. Shaviv, Nir J. (2007) “Carbon Dioxide or Solar Forcing?” Science Bits. September.

  110. Shaviv, Nir J. (2004) “Cosmic Rays and Climate PhysicaPlus. Issue 5. 

  111. Shaviv, Nir J., Veizer, Jαn (2003) "Celestial driver of Phanerozoic climate," GSA. Vol. 13, Issue 7 (July).

  112. Shepherd, Andrew and Wingham, Duncan (2007) “Recent Sea-Level Contributions of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets,” Science. Vol. 315, (March 16), p. 1529-1532.

  113. Sherwood, Steven C., Lanzante, John R. and Meyer, Cathryn L. (2005) “Radiosonde Daytime Biases and Late–20th Century Warming,” Science. Vol. 309, p. 1556-1559.

  114. Sherwood, Keith and Idso, Craig (2003) “A 1200-Year History of Total Solar IrradianceCO2 Science. Vol. 6, No. 36, September 3.

  115. Sheffield, Justin and Wood, Eric F. (2008) “Projected changes in drought occurrence under future global warming from multi-model, multi-scenario, IPCC AR4 simulations,” Climate Dynamics. Vol. 31, 71-105.

  116. Shimada, K., T. Kamoshida, M. Itoh, S.ishino, E. Carmack, F. McLaughlin, S. Zimmermann and A. Proshutinsky. (2006) “Pacific Ocean inflow: Influence on catastrophic reduction of sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean” Geophysical Research Letters. Vol., 33, L08605.

  117. Shimada, K.; Itoh, M.; Nishino, S.; McLaughlin, F.; Carmack, E. and Proshutinsky, A. (2005) “Halocline structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic OceanJournal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 32, L03605.

  118. Shindell, D., Rind, D., Balachandran, N., Lean, J., Lonergan, P. (1999) “Solar Cycle Variability, Ozone, and Climate,” Science. Vol. 284. No. 5412, p. 305 – 308.

  119. Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine; Jacob, Jιrιmy; Ezat, Ullah; Rousse, Sonia; Kissel, Catherine; Yiou, Pascal; Eirνksson, Jσn; Knudsen, Karen Luise; Jansen, Eystein; Turon, Jean-Louis (2008) “Decadal Variability Of Sea Surface Temperatures Off North Iceland Over The Last 2000 Yr.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 268, No. 1-2, p. 137-142.

  120. Siddons, Alan and D’Aleo, Joe (2007) “Carbon Dioxide: The Houdini of Gases,” White paper for International Climate and Environmental Change Assessment Project (ICECAP), Washington, D.C.

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  122. Singer, Fred (1999)  "Human Contribution to Climate Change Remains Questionable American Geophysical Society. Vol. 80, p. 183-187.

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