An Archive of Resources on Global Warming

Image credit: Gino Santa Maria

Web Page Contact twimber@fgcu.edu

 

 

"No credible peer-reviewed scientist in the world disagrees any longer that
the globe is warming and that humans are causing it."


 - Laurie David, Producer 'An Inconvenient Truth'

 

 

"Political decisions based on the statement 'the science is settled' have a guaranteed short life."

 

Ian Plimer - Geologist and Emeritus Professor of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, and

author of Heaven and Earth: Global Warming the Missing Science (2009)

 

 

 

 Non-Anthropogenic Explanations of Global Warming and Climate Change

Since those who are critical of climate skeptics and their research go out of their way to discount the scholarship of these researchers, a bit of explanation for what follows is in order. These articles are not necessarily authored by so-called climate skeptics (though in many instances they are). The intent of including these articles in this archive is to present research that in one fashion or another contradicts, questions or challenges assumptions associated with the dominant global warming/climate change paradigm. Consequently, within this collection you can find articles that questions the association of tropical cyclone intensity and frequency with AGW and research that challenges, questions, or demonstrates the limitations of current climate models that the IPCC relies upon. You can also find studies that demonstrate the long, long history of abrupt and dramatic climate change that predates human usages of carbon fuels to any significant degree thereby questioning whether modern climate changes are indeed human induced or part of a much longer natural process. Other articles will discuss the role of solar activity and cloud formation in climate change as well as the complex role of global wind and ocean currents. Still other research analyzes the relationship between ice formation and climate change -especially in the polar regions, but also among glacial formations. Studies of sea level change, precipitation, vegetation and crop growth, human ecology associated with climate change and studies of the impact of CO2 on climate and crops are likewise included. Beyond these, there are a number of historical and anthropological studies include that document human culture during previous periods of warming and cooling, as well as a number of policy analyses that considers how various responses to climate change produce anticipated and unanticipated social, political and economic changes. This is the range of articles to be found in these pages. Whenever possible we have provided links to original research articles so that the reader can study the research itself rather than relying upon the interpretation of this research by commentators and pundits.

(950+ articles alphabetically arranged by author's name)

 

A-G

H-O

P-Z
 

  1. Abdusamatov, K. I. (2007) “Optimal Prediction of the Peak of the Next 11-Year Activity Cycle and of the Peaks of Several Succeeding Cycles on the Basis of Long-Term Variations in the Solar Radius or Solar Constant,” Solar Physics. Vol. 23, No. 3, p. 141-147.

  2. Abdusamatov, K. I. (2005) “Long-Term Variations Of The Integral Radiation Flux And Possible Temperature Changes In The Solar Core,” Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies. Vol. 21, No. 6, p. 328—332.

  3. Abdusamatov, K. I. (2004) “About the Long-Term Coordinated Variations of The Activity, Radius, Total Irradiance of the Sun and the Earth’s Climate,” Proceedings IAU Symposium. No. 223, p. 541-542.

  4. Abraham, Ralph (2008) “The Misuse of Mathematics,” University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Mathematics.

  5. Adams, Jonathan; Maslin, Mar; and Thomas Ellen (1999) “Sudden Climate Transitions During the Quaternary,” Progress in Physical Geography. Vol. 23, No. 1, p. 1-36.

  6. AchutaRao, K., C. Covey, C., Doutriaux, M. Fiorino, P., Gleckler, et al. (2005) "An Appraisal of Coupled Climate Model Simulations,"  UCRL-TR-202550, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

  7. Adams, J., Maslin, M. and E. Thomas, E (1999), “Sudden Climate Transitions During the Quaternary.” Progress in Physical Geography. Vol. 23, p. 1-36.

    8.

  8. Akasofu, Syun-Ichi (2007) “Why Has Global Warming Become Such a Passionate Subject? – Lets Not Lose Our Cool,” Anchorage, AK: International Artic Research Center, University of Alaska, Anchorage.

  9. Akasofu, Syun-Ichi (2007) “Is Earth Still Recovering form the “Little Ice Age”? Anchorage, AK: International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, Anchorage. 

  10. Alexander, W. J. R., Bailey, F., Bredenkamp, D. B., van der Merwe, A., and Willemse, “Linkages between solar activity, climate predictability and water resource development,” Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering. Vol. 49 No 2, p. 32–44.

  11. Alexander, W. J. R. (2007) “Locally-Developed Climate Model Verified,” The Water Wheel. January / February

  12. Alexeev, V. A. (2006) “Changes of the Solar Activity and Terrestrial Climate,” Lunar and Planetary Science.  Vol. 37.

  13. Alheit, Juergen, Lehmann, Andreas, and Winterhalter, Boris (2000) "The North Atlantic Climate Influence on the Baltic Sea Environment." Rostock, GR: Institute for Baltic Sea Research.

  14. Allen M. R. and Stainforth, D. A. (2002) “Towards Objective Probabilistic Climate Forecasting.” Nature. Vol. 419,
    p. 228.

  15. Alley, R. B. (2002) The Two Mile Time Machine: Ice Cores, Abrupt Climate Change, and Our Future," Princeton, NJ: Princeton, University Press.

  16. Alley, R. B., Marotzke, J., Nordhaus,  W. D., Overpeck, J. T., Peteet, D. M., Pielke, Jr., R. A.,  Pierrehumbert, R. T., Rhines, P. B., Stocker,T. F., Talley, L. D., and Wallace, J. M. (2003) “Abrupt Climate Change,” Science. Vol. 299, (March 28), p. 2005-2010.

  17. Alley, R.B., Clark, P.U., Keigwin, L.D., and Webb, R.S. (1999) “Making Sense of Millennial-Scale Climate Change,” In Peter U. Clark, Robert S. Webb, and Lloyd D. Keigwin’s (Eds.) Mechanisms of Millennial-Scale Global Climate Change.  Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, (AGU Monograph Series), p. 385-394.

  18. Alley, R. B., Meese, D. A., Shuman, C. A., Gow, A. J., Taylor, K. C., Grootes, P. M., White, J. W. C., Ram, M., Waddington, E. D., Mayewski, P. A., Zielinski, G. A. (1999) “Abrupt increase in Greenland snow accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas event “ Nature. Vol. 362, (April 8), p. 527-529.

  19. Alley, R.B. and Clark, P.U. (1999) “The Deglaciation of the Northern Hemisphere: A Global Perspective,” Annual Review of Earth and Planet Sciences. Vol. 27, p. 149-182.

  20. Alley, R.B., P.U. Clark, P. Huybrechts, and I. Joughin, (2005) "Ice-sheet and sea-level changes," Science. Vol. 310, p. 456–46.

  21. Amman, Caspar M.; Joos, Fortunat; Schimel, David S.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. and Tomas, Robert A. (2006) “Solar Influence On Climate During The Past Millennium: Results From Transient Simulations With The NCAR Climate System Model,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Vol. 104, No. 10, p. 3713-3718.

  22. Anagnostopoulos, G. G., Koutsoyiannis , D., Efstratiadis, A., Christofides, A. and Mamassis, N. (2009) “Credibility Of Climate Predictions Revisited,” Presentation, European Geosciences Union General Assembly, April 19-24, Vienna, Austria.

  23. Anderson, Carin, Risebrokken, Bjorg, Jansen, Eystein and Dahl, Svein Olaf (2003) “Late Holocene surface ocean conditions of the Norwegian Sea (Vψring Plateau),” Paleooceanography. Vol. 18, No. 2, p.1044.

  24. Andrus, C. Fred T.; Crowe, Douglas E.; Sandweiss, Daniel H.; Reitz, Elizabeth J. and Romanek, Christopher S. (2002) “Otolith &dgr;&dgr;18O Record of Mid-Holocene Sea Surface Temperatures in Peru,” Science. Vol. 295, p. 1508-1511.

  25. Archibald, David (2008) “Solar Cycle 24: Implications for the United States,” International Conference on Climate Change, (March), New York, NY.

  26. Arking, Albert (2005) “Effects Of Bias In Solar Radiative Transfer Codes On Global Climate Model Simulations,” Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 32, L20717.

  27. Armstrong, J. Scott, Green, Kesten C. and Soon, Willie (2008) “Polar Bear Population Forecasts: A Public-Policy Forecasting Audit,” Interfaces. Vol. 38, No. 5, p. 382–405.

  28. Asplin, M. G., Lukovich, J. V. and Barber, D. G. (2009) “Atmospheric Forcing Of The Beaufort Sea Ice Gyre: Surface Pressure Climatology And Sea Ice Motion,” Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 114, C00A06.

  29. Avery, Dennis T. (2008) “Global Warming Every 1,500 Years: Implications for an Engineering Vision,” Leadership and Management in Engineering. (July), p. 153-159.

  30. Bagnato, S., B. K. Linsley, S. S. Howe, G. M. Wellington, and J. Salinger (2005) “Coral Oxygen Isotope Records Of Interdecadal Climate Variations In The South Pacific Convergence Zone Region,“ Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Vol. 6.

  31. Bailer-Jones, Coryn, A.L. (2009) “The Evidence for and Against Astronomical Impacts on Climate Change and Mass Extinctions: A Review,” International Journal of Astrobiology. (Accepted for Publication June).

  32. Baliunas, Sallie (2007) “Working Group (WG) I's Contribution to the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4): A Critique,” Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  33. Baliunas, Sallie (2003) "Combating global warming would be a waste," July 25, Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  34. Baliunas, Sallie and Soon, Willie (2003) "Extreme Weather Events: Examining Causes and Responses," March 25, Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  35. Baliunas, Sallie and Soon, Willie (2001) “Recent Warming Is Not Historically Unique,” Heartland Institute, Chicago, IL, (March).

  36. Baliunas, Dr. Sallie (2002) "The Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming," Imprimis, Vol. 31, No. 2, (March) Hillsdale College.

  37. Baliunas, Sallie and Soon, Willie (2001) "Climate History and the Sun," June 5, Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  38. Baliunas, Sallie and Soon Willie (2000) "The Sun Also Warms," March 24, Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  39. Baliunas, Sallie and Soon, Willie (2000) "Increasing Carbon Dioxide and Global Climate Change," January 1, Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  40. Baliunas, Sallie (1999) "Why So Hot? Don't Blame Man, Blame the Sun," August 5,   Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  41. Baliunas, Sallie (1998) "Hot Times or Hot Air: The Sun in the Science of Global Warming," August 7, Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  42. Baliunas, Sallie and Soon, Willie (1997) "A Scientific Discussion of Climate Change," November 1, Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  43. Baliunas, Sallie (1996) "Uncertainties in Climate Modeling: Solar Variability and Other Factors," September 17, Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  44. Baliunas, Sallie (1995) "Are Human Activities Causing Global Warming?" January 1, Washington, DC: The Marshall Institute.

  45. Ball, Timothy (2008) “Measurement of Preindustrial CO2 Levels,” Friends of Science, Calgary, AB.

  46. Ball, Timothy (2008) “Completely Inadequate IPCC Models Produce the Ultimate Deception About Man Made Global Warming,” Canada Free Press. (December 22).

  47. Ball, Timothy (2008) “Computer Climate Models,” White paper for International Climate and Environmental Change Assessment Project (ICECAP), Washington, D.C.

  48. Ball, Timothy (2008) “Tornadoes Not a Sign of Global Warming,” Canada Free Press. (February 18).

  49. Ball, Timothy (2007) “Global Warming: The Cold Hard Facts,” Canada Free Press. Feb. 5.

  50. Ball, Timothy (2007) “The Science Isn’t Settled: Limitations of Global Climate Models,” The Washington Roundtable on Science and Public Policy, The George Marshall Institute, Washington, D.C., March 21.

  51. Balling, Timothy (2003) “The Increase in Global Temperature: What it Does and Does Not Tell Us,” Marshall Institute Policy Outlook. (September), George C. Marshall Institute, Washington, D.C.

  52. Balling, Robert C. (1998) “Calmer Weather: The Spin on Greenhouse Hurricanes,” in R. Bates (ed.) Global Warming: The Continuing Debate. Cambridge, UK: European Science and Environmental Forum. 

  53. Balling, R. C. and R. S. Cerveny, (2003) "Compilation and discussion of trends in severe storms in the United States: Popular perception vs. climate reality," Natural Hazards, Vol. 29, pp. 103-112.

  54. Bamber, Jonathan (2009) "Recent Antarctic and Greenland Ice-Mass Fluxes from Satellite Observations and Their Significance, " Past Global Changes. Vol. 17, No. 2 (June), p. 52-54.

  55. Barbosa, S.M., Fernandes, M.J., and Silva, M.E. (2004) “Nonlinear Sea Level Trends from European Tide Gauge Records,” Annales Geophysics. Vol. 22, p. 1465-1472.

  56. Barber, D.C., Dyke, A., Hillaire-Marcel C., Jennings A.E., Andrews J.T., Kerwin M.W., Bilodeau G., McNeely R., Southon J., Morehead M.D. and Gagnon J.-M. (1999) “Forcing of the Cold Event of 8,200 Years Ago by Catastrophic Drainage of Laurentide Lakes,” Nature. Vol. 400, p. 344-348.

  57. Bard, Eduardo and Frank, Martin (2006) “Climate Change and Solar Variability: What's New Under the Sun?” Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 248, p. 1–14.

  58. Barnett, Tim P.; Hegel, Gabriele; Knutson, Tom and Tett, Simon (2002) “Uncertainty Levels In Predicted Patterns Of Anthropogenic Climate Change ,” Journal Of Geophysical Research. Vol. 105, No. D12, p. 15,525–15,542.

  59. Bast, Joseph and Taylor, James M. (2007) "Scientific Consensus on Global Warming: Results of an International Survey of Climate Scientists," Chicago, IL: The Heartland Institute.

  60. Bast, Joseph, Taylor, James M. and Lehr, Jay (2003) "State Greenhouse Gas Programs: An Economic and Scientific Analysis," Policy Report No. 101 (February), Chicago, IL: the Heartland Institute.

  61. Beck, Ernst-Georg (2008) “50 Years of Continuous Measurement of CO2 on Mauna Loa,” Energy and Environment. Vol. 19, No. 7, p. 1017-1028.

  62. Beck, Ernst-Georg (2008) “The Revival of the Hockeystick Graph - A new Low in Climate Science,” Presentation Summary, Geo-Ecological Seminar University of Bayreuth, July, 27, Bayreuth, GR.

  63. Beck, Ernst-Georg (2007) “180 Years Of Atmospheric CO2 Gas Analysis By Chemical Methods,” Energy and Environment. Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 259-282.

  64. Becker, Gary S. (2007) “An Economist Looks at Global Warming,” Hoover Digest – Research and Opinion on Public Policy. No. 2, (Spring).

  65. Beer, J., Vonmoos, M., Muscheler, R. (2006) “Solar Variability Over the Past Several Millennia,” Space Science Reviews, Vol. 125, Issue 1-4, p. 67-79.

  66. Beer, J. Mende, W., and Stellmacher, R. (2000) “The Role of the Sun in Climate Forcing,” Quaternary Science Reviews. Vol. 19, p. 403-415.

  67. Bell, Robin E., Studinger, Michael, Shuman, Christopher A., Fahnestock, Mark A. and Joughin,  Ian (2007) “Large Subglacial Lakes in East Antarctica at the Onset of Fast-Flowing Ice Streams,” Nature. Vol. 445, (February 22), p. 904-907. 

  68. Bellamy, David (2007) "The Global Warming Myth," Climate Science Coalition. Retrieved from the Worldwide Web at http://nzclimatesience.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=58&Itemid+=1

  69. Bender, M., Sowers, T., Dickson, M.-L., Orchardo, J., Grootes, P., Mayewski, P. A., and Meese, D. A. (1994) “Climate correlations between Greenland and Antarctica during the past 100,000 years,” Nature. Vol. 372, p. 663 – 666.

  70. Benestad, R. E. (2004) “Are temperature trends affected by economic activity? - Comment on McKitrick & Michaels (2004),” Climate Research. Vol. 27, p. 171-173.

  71. Berger, W. H. and von Rad, V. (2002) “Decadal to millennial cyclicity in varves and turbidites from the Arabian Sea: hypothesis of tidal origin,” Global and Planetary Change. Vol. 34, Issues 3-4, p. 313-325.

  72. Berthier, E., Schiefer, E., Clarke, G. K. C., Menounos, B. and Remy, F. (2010) “Contribution Of Alaskan Glaciers To Sea-Level Rise Derived From Satellite Imagery,” Nature Geoscience. Vol. 3, (February), p. 92-95.

  73. Bianchi, G.G. and McCave, I. N. (1999)  "Holocene periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow south of Iceland," Nature. Vol. 397, p. 515-517.

  74. Bindschadler, Robert (2006) “The Environment and Evolution of The West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Setting The Stage,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Vol. 364, p. 1583-1605.

  75. Black, D.E., Abahazi, M.A., Thunell, R.C., Kaplan, A., Tappa, E.J. and Peterson, L.C. (2007) “An 8-century tropical Atlantic SST record from the Cariaco Basin: Baseline variability, twentieth-century warming, and Atlantic hurricane frequency. Paleoceanography. Vol. 22, 10.1029/2007PA001427.

  76. Blake, Eric S., Rappaport, Edward N. and Landsea, Christopher W., (2007) “Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones 1851-2006,” NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS TPC-5, (April) National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL.

  77. Blunier, T., Schwander, J., Chapellaz, J., Parrenin, F. and Barnola, J.M., (2004) “What was the surface temperature in central Antarctica during the last glacial maximum?” Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol., 218 p.  379-388.

  78. Blunier, T., Barnett, B., Bender, M. L. and Hendricks M. G. (2002) “Biological Oxygen Productivity During The Last 60,000 Years From Triple Oxygen Isotope Measurements,” Global Biochemical Cycles. Vol. 16, No. 3, p. 3-1 – 3-15.

  79. Blunier, Thomas and Brook, Edward J. (2001) “Timing of Millennial-Scale Climate Change in Antarctica and Greenland During the Last Glacial Period,” Science. Vol. 291, No., 5501, p. 109-112.

  80. Blunier, T., Chapellaz, J., Schwander, DaΘllenbach, J. A., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., Raynaud, D., Jouzel, J., Clausen,l H. B., Hammer, C. U., and Johnson, S. J.  (1998) “Asynchrony Of Antarctic And Greenland Climate Change During The Last Glacial Period,” Nature. Vol. 394, No. 20, p. 739-743.

  81. Boberg, Fredrik and Lundstedt, Henrik (2002) “Solar Wind Variations Related To Fluctuations Of The North Atlantic Oscillation,” Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 29, No. 15, Gl014903.

  82. Bond, Gerard, Kromer, Bernd, Beer, Juerg, Muscheler, Raimund, Evans, Michael, N.,  Showers, William, Hoffman, Sharon, Lotti-Bond, Rusty, Hajdas, Irka and Bonai, Georges (2001) “Persistent Solar Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene,” Science. Vol. 294, p. 2130-2135.

  83. Bond, Gerard; Showers, William; Cheseby, Maziet;  Lotti, Rusty;  Almasi, Peter;  deMenocal, Peter; Priore, Paul;  Cullen, Heidi;  Hajdas, Irka and Bonani,  Georges (1997) “A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates,” Science, Vol. 278. no. 5341, pp. 1257 – 1266.

  84. Bond, Gerald C. and Lotti, Rusty (1995) “Iceberg Discharges into the North Atlantic on Millennial Time Scales During the Last Glaciation,” Science. Vol. 267, p. 1005-1010.

  85. Bond, G., Broecker, W., Johnsen, S., McManus, J.,  Labeyrie, L., Jouzel, J. and Bonani, G. (1993) “Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice,” Nature, Vol. 365, No. 6442, p. 143-147.

  86. Bony, Sandrine; Colman, Robert; Kattsov, Vladimir M.; Allan, Richard P.; Bretherton, Christopher S.; Dufresne, Jean-Louis; Hall, Alex; Hallegatte, Stephane; Holland, Marika M.; Ingram, William; Randall, David A.; Soden, Brian J.; Tselioudis, George; Webb, Mark J.  (2006) “How Well Do We Understand Climate Change Feedback Processes?” Journal of Climate. Vol.19, p. 3445–3482.

  87. Boucot, A.J.; Xu, Chen and Scotese, C.R. (2003) “Phanerozoic Climatic Zones and Paleogeography with a Consideration of Atmospheric CO2 Levels,” Paleontological Journal. Vol. 2, p. 3-11.

  88. Bower, Amy S., Lozier, M. Susan, Gary, Stefan F. and  Bφning, Claus W. (2009) “Interior Pathways of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,” Nature. 459, 243-247

  89. Braun, Holger; Christl, Marcus;  Rahmstorf, Stefan;  Ganopolski, Andrey; Mangini, Augusto; Kubatzki, Claudia;  Roth, Kurt and Kromet, Bernd (2005) “Possible solar origin of the 1,470-year glacial climate cycle demonstrated in a coupled model,” Nature. Vol. 438, p. 208-211.

  90. Bray, D. and von Storch, H. (1999) “Climate Science: An Example of Postnormal Science,” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Vol. 80, p. 439-456.

  91. Brekke, Paal (2000) “Scientists Take Issue With Solar Innocence,” Space Daily. May 19.

  92. Broecker, Wallace S. (2006) “Was the Younger Dryas Triggered by a Flood?” Science. Vol. 312, p. 1146-1148.

  93. Broecker, Wallace S. (2001) “Was the Medieval Warm Period Global?” Science. Vol. 291, No. 5508, p. 1497 – 1499.

  94. Bryson, Reid (2004) "Global Warming? Some Common Sense Thoughts," The Week that Was. (March 20), Retrieved from the Worldwide Web at http://www.sitewave.net/news/s49p1837.htm

  95. Buermann, Wolfgang; Anderson, Bruce ; Tucker, Compton J.; Dickinson, Robert E.; Lucht, Wolfgang; Porter, Christopher S. and Myneni, Ranga B. (2003) “Interannual Covariability In Northern Hemisphere Air Temperatures And Greenness Associated With El Nin˜O-Southern Oscillation And The Arctic Oscillation,” Journal Of Geophysical Research. Vol. 108, No. D13, 4396.

  96. Bόrger, Gerd (2007) “Comment on “The Spatial Extent of 20th-Century Warmth in the Context of the Past 1200 Years,” Science. Vol. 316. No. 5833, p. 1844. (Bόrger Support Materials for paper).

  97. Cabanes, C., Cazenave, A. and Le Provost, C. (2001) “Sea Level Rise During Past 40 Years Determined from Satellite and in Situ Observations,” Science. Vol. 294, p. 840-845.

  98. Caillon, Nicolas, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Jouzel, Jean, Barnola, Jean-Marc, Kang, Jiancheng, and Lipenkov, Volodya Y. (2003) “Timing of Atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic Temperature Changes Across Termination III,” Science 14, Vol. 299, No. 5613.

  99. Camp, Charles D. and Tung, Ka Kit (2007) “Surface Warming By The Solar Cycle As Revealed By The Composite Mean Difference Projection,” Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, p. L14703.

  100. Campbell, Ian D.; Campbell, Celina; Apps, Michael J.; Rutter, Nathaniel W. and Bush, Andrew B. G. (1998) “Late Holocene approximately 1500 yr climatic periodicities and their implications,” Geology. Vol. 26, No. 5, p. 471-473.

  101. Cane, Mark A. (2005) “The Evolution of El Nino, Past and Future,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 230, p. 227–240.

  102. Cane, Mark A., Clement, Amy C., Kaplan, Alexey, Kushnir, Y., Posdynakov, D., Seager, R., Zebiak, E., and Murtugudde, Ragu (1997) “Twentieth Century Sea Surface Temperature Trends,” Science. Vol. 275, p. 957-960.

  103. Cane, Mark A.; Braconnot, Pascale; Clement, Amy C.; Gidor, Heizi; Joussaume, Sylvie;  Kageyama, Masa; Khodri, Myriam; Pallard, Didier; Tett, Simon And Zorita, Eduardo (2006) “Progress in Paleoclimate Modeling,” Journal of Climate. Vol. 19, No. 20, p. 5031-5058.

  104. Carlin, Alan and Davidson, John (2009) "Proposed NCEE Comments on Draft Technical Support Document for Endangerment Analysis for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under the Clean Air Act," National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 9.  

  105. Carlin, Alan (2009) “Comments on Draft Technical Support Document for Endangerment Analysis for Greenhouse Gas Emissions under the Clean Air Act,” National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., March 9

  106. Carlin, Alan (2007) “New Research Suggests that Emissions Reductions May Be a Risky and Very Expensive Way to Avoid Dangerous Global Climate Changes,” National Center for Environmental Economics. Working Paper # 07-07, (June).

  107. Carter, Robert M. (2008) “Knock, Knock: Where is the Evidence for Dangerous Human-Caused Global Warming?” Economic Analysis & Policy. Vol. 38 No. 2, p. 177-202.

  108. Carter, Robert M. (2008) “IPCC Climate Alarm Advocacy Has Failed: What’s Plan B?” National Observer. (Council for the National Interest, Melbourne), No. 79, p. 23-33.

  109.  Carter, Robert M. (2007) "The Myth of Dangerous Human Caused Climate Change," The Australian IMM New Leaders Conference (Proceedings). Brisbane, QLD, p. 61-74.

  110.  Carter, Robert M. (2006) “Public Misperceptions of Human-Caused Climate Change: The Role of the Media,” Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, Washington, D.C., (December 6).

  111. Carter, Robert M., de Freitas, C. R., Goklany, Indur M., Holland, David, Lindzen, Richard (2007) “Climate Change: Climate Science and the Stern Review,"  World Economics, Vol. 7, No. 4.

  112. Carter, William E. and Robertson, Douglas S. (1991) “Greenland Ice Sheet: Is it Growing or Shrinking?” Science. Vol. 248, p. 288.

  113. Center for Science and Public Policy (2006) "Issues in the Current State of Climate Science: A Guide for Policy Makers and Opinion Leaders,"  Washington, D. C.

  114. Cecchini, S., Galli, M., Nanni, T. and Ruggiero, L. (1996) “Solar variability and ring widths in fossil trees,” Il Nuovo Cimento C. Vol. 19, No. (4, July).

  115. Chambers, Frank M., Ogle, Michael I., and Blackford, Jeffrey J. (1999) “Palaeoenvironmental Evidence For Solar Forcing Of Holocene Climate: Linkages To Solar Science,” Progress in Physical Geography. Vol. 23, No. 2, p.181-204.

  116.  Chang, A.S., and Patterson, R.T. (2007) Corrigendum to “Climate shift at 4400 years BP: Evidence from high-resolution diatom stratigraphy, Effingham Inlet, British Columbia, Canada,” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 226 (2005) 72–92.

  117. Changnon, Stanley A., Changnon, David,  Fosse, E. Ray, Hoganson, Donald C., Roth Sr., Richard J., and James M. Totsch, James, M.  (1997) “Effects of Recent Weather Extremes on the Insurance Industry: Major Implications for the Atmospheric Sciences,” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Vol. 78, Issue, 3, p. 425-435. 

  118. Chilingar, George V. and Kilyuk, L. F. (2007) “Humans are Not Responsible for Global Warming,” Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Annual Technical Conference, (November 11-14), Anaheim, CA.

  119. Chilingar, G. V., Sorokhtin, O. G., Khilyuk,  L. F. and Gorfunkel, M. V. (2008) “Greenhouse Gases and Greenhouse Effect,” Environmental Geology. Nov. 14, DOI. 10.1007/s00254-008-1615-3

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