Learning Principles

Module 5

External Conditions: 9 Phases of Learning 

• 1) Attending- alerts the learner to the stimulus
  2) Expectancy- orients learner to the goal
  3) Retrieval- recall of prerequisite capabilities
  4) Selective Perception- temporary storage of important features in working memory
  5) Semantic encoding- transfers stimulus features and related information to long term memory
  6) Retrieval and Responding-  returns stored information to the individual’s response generator and
      activates response
  7) Reinforcement-  confirms learner expectations about learning goal
  8) Cueing retrieval-  provides additional cues for later retrieval of capability
  9) Generalizibility-  enhances transfer of learning to new situations

  

       This model is sometimes referred to as the "instructional events model."  Instructional events, for Gagne, are deliberately planned activities designed to support learning.  He notes that teacher cannot produce learning, but rather can provide support for the learning process.  This is because learning can only occur within the context of the internal conditions that learners bring to the process.  Gagne also notes that decisions about instruction must be made in the context of the skill or skills to be learned.  The book suggests that the questions "Is this an example of good instruction?" be replaced with "Is this instruction good for learning this type of capability?"

  

      

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