A Journalist's Handbook on Environmental Risk Assessment
Produced by Foundation for American Communications and National Sea Grant College Program
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Introduction
1. Risk Assessment Basics
What is Risk Assessment?
The Steps in Risk Assessment
Uncertainty Unavoidable
Results of Risk Assessments
What Risk Assessment is Not
Risk Assessment versus Risk Management
Important Characteristics of Risk Assessments
2. Exposure Assessment Basics
Exposure Assessment Overview
Exposure Classifications
Measuring Exposure
Statements of Exposure
Role of Exposure Assessment in Risk Assessment
3. Toxicity Assessment Basics
Toxicity Assessment Overview
Toxic Effects
Assessing Toxicity
Assessing Acute Toxicity
Assessing Chronic Toxicity
Non-Carcinogenic Assessment
Determining Safe Levels
Human Sensitivity and Variability
Carcinogenesis Bioassay
4. Epidemiology: The Science of People
What is Epidemiology?
Epidemiological Research
Types of Epidemiological Studies
Estimating Risk
Causation Criteria
Cancer Clusters
Conflicting Studies
5. Assessing a Study's Validity
Factors Affecting Study Validity
Chance
Measures of Chance
Bias and Confounders in Epidemiological Studies
6. Risk Communication Basics
Introduction
Outrage
Emotional Reactions Valid
Risk Communication Guidelines
Helping the Audience Evaluate Risk
Risk Comparisons
Concentration Analogies
Covering Chronic Risks
Appendices
Concentration Analogies
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