Seeing is believing . . . . problem solving, insight, and productive thinking
Psychologists previously had viewed problem solving as a largely random process, or a process of trial and error. The Gestaltists believe that problem solving is a process of looking at the elements of a problem, and recombining them in various structures, until a suitable structure arises that can be used to solve the problem.
Further, Gestalt theory proposes that this process continues for individuals unconsciously even when they are not aware that they are continuing to work on a problem. When the unconscious mind arrives at a solution, the solution is moved to the conscious mind and the individual attains insight -- or has an "A-Ha!" experience.
On productive thinking ....
Gestalt theory stresses the role of understanding over performance, an important distinction from the behaviorists. This theory suggests that students must grasp the principle underlying performance, and must use the organization which exists (or is adequately imposed) to create rules and further learning. Rote memorization, which is more consistent with some other learning theories, is considered inefficient. Further, since it is not used outside of schools, it is not helpful in preparing students.
Schunk suggests that rules lead to better learning because less information is actually required. Through a rule, the individual can understand the phenomenon and corresponding structure. Then, by recalling the rule, the individual can re-present the information simply by filling in details.
