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Lecture
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Tortora: Chapters 1 & 3
Video: An Introduction to the Microscope
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| Objectives: The student will be able to:
1. Identify the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, van Leewenhoek, Pasteur, Koch, Lister and others. 2. Compare the theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis 3. Define the terms, bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, immunology, virology and microbial genetics. 4. Differentiate among the major groups of organisms studied in microbiology 5. List safety precautions used in the microbiology laboratory 6. Identify safety equipment used in the microbiology laboratory 7. Describe the necessary components of an effective laboratory report 8. Identify the parts of the microscope and understand their functions 9. Demonstrate the proper method of focusing, carrying the microscope and cleaning the microscope. |
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January 12 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapter 2
CD-ROM
Tortora: Chapter 4
CD-ROM
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| Objectives:
1. Describe the nature of the atom and its relation to the chemical properties of elements 2. Define the types of chemical bonds 3. List three types of chemical reactions 4. Identify the role of enzymes in chemical reactions 5. List properties of water that are important to living systems 6. Identify the building blocks of complex organic macromolecules 7. Describe the role of ATP in cellular activities 8. Compare and contrast the cell structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes 9. Identify the three basic shapes of bacteria 10. Describe the structure and function of external bacterial structures 11. Compare and contrast the cell walls of Gram+ bacteria, Gram- bacteria, archea and mycoplasma 12. Describe the function of the plasma membrane 13. Define simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport 14. Compare and contrast the nuclear regions of prokaryotes and eukaryotes 15. Compare and contrast the ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes 16. List and the describe the function of eukaryotic organelles 17. Identify the parts of the microscope and understand their functions 18. Demonstrate the proper method of focusing, carrying the microscope and cleaning the microscope. 19. Diagram the path of light through a compound microscope. 20. Describe the prepartion and use of a wet mount and stained specimens 21. List the advantages of staining microorganisms 22. Describe the basic mechanism of staining |
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January 19 |
MLK Holiday
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapter 5
Computer Exercise |
| Objectives:
1. Define metabolism and catabolism 2. Describe the mechanism of enzymatic action 3. List factors that influence enzymatic activity 4. Define oxidation and reduction 5. List ways of generating ATP 6. Define glycolysis 7. Describe the chemical reactions of glycolysis. 8. List the products of the Krebs cycle 9. List the products of fermentation 10. Describe the use of biochemical tests to identify bacteria 11. Describe the process of photosynthesis. 12. Explain the rationale and procedure for the Gram stain 13. Perform and interpret Gram stains. |
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January 26 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapter 6 & CD-ROM
Microbiology Interactive Student Tutorial Hudson: Exercises 5, 7 & 8
Tortora: Chapter 7
Hudson: Exercises 5, 7, 8 and 6
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| This session will address the following learning objectives:
1. Describe the growth rate of bacteria according to temperature, pH and osmotic pressure 2. Classify bacteria on the basis of oxygen requirements 3. Identify toxic forms of oxygen 4. Distiguish between chemically defined and complex media. 5. Describe the process of bacterial cultivation and isolation of bacteria from specimens. 6. Define bacterial growth, including binary fission 7. Define generation time 8. List three methods of measuring bacterial growth 9. Define sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, germicide, stasis, asepsis and sanitation 10. Describe the effects of microbial control agents on cellular components 11. Describe how heat, dessication and radiation suppress or kill cells 12. Identify methods of action and uses of chemical disinfectants 13. Explain the rationale and procedure for the Gram stain 14. Perform and interpret Gram stains. 15. Perform and interpret a spore stain 16. Perform and interpret a flagella stain 17. Identify functions of endospores, capsules and flagella 18. Identify and descibe uses of glassware used in the laboratory 19. Perform measurements utilizing various laboratory glassware and pipets 20. Compare the accuracy of various measuring instruments and describe the utilization of each |
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February 2 |
Lecture
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Hudson: Exercise 16 and Handout
Tortora: Chapters 8, 9
Hudson: Exercise 18 and Handout
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| Objectives:
1. Define genetics, chromosome, gene, gentic code, genotype and phenotype 2. Describe how DNA serves as gentic information 3. Describe the process of DNA replication, RNA transcription, translation and protein synthesis 4. Describe the regulation of gene expression by induction, repression and catabolite repression 5. List the types of mutations and how they are intitiated, repaired and prevented 6. Descibe the principle and procedure of an Ames test 7. List the mechanisms of genetic recombination in bacteria 8. Define and describe the function of plasmids and transposons 9. Compare and contrast genetic engineering, recombinant DNA and biotechnology 10. Define restriction enzymes and describe how they are used in DNA technology 11. Define vectors and list their properties in DNA technology 12. Define cDNA 13. List applications of genetic engineering 14. Diagram the Southern Blot procedure and an example of its use 15. Diagram DNA fingerprinting and provide an example of its use 16. Outline the Polymerase Chain Reaction and an example of its use |
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February 9 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapters 8, 9
Microbiology Interactive Student Tutorial CD-ROM Hudson: Exercise 11
Tortora: Chapters 11-13
Handout |
| Objectives:
1. Define taxonomy, taxon and phylogeny 2. List the major classification systems 3. List the characteristics of Eubacteria, Archea and Eukarya 4. List methods used to classify bacteria 5. List the defining characteristics of bacteria 6. List the defining characteristics of fungi 7. List the defining characteristics of algae 8. List the defining characteristics of lichens 9. List the defining characteristics of protozoa 10. Differentiate between a virus and a bacterium 11. List the defining characteristics of viruses 12. Describe the differences between an enveloped and a nonenveloped virus 13. Describe how bacteriophages and animal vruses are cultured 14. List techniques to identify viruses 15. Describe the difference between a lytic and a lysogenic virus 16. Describe the replication cycles of various viruses 17. Differentiate among viruses, viroids and prions 18. Demonstrate the use of plate streaking and dilutions to obtain a pure culture 19. Identify the four phases of a typical bacterial growth curve 20. Demonstrate the use of a spectrophotometer to measure bacterial growth 21. Interpret growth data plotted on a graph 22. Determine the effect of temperature on bacterial growth |
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February 16 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapters 11-13
Tortora: Chapter 20 Handout
Tortora: Chapter 20
Hudson: Exercises 13, 29, Handout
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| Objectives:
1. Describe the mode of action of each class of antimicrobial agents. 2. List the bacterial types targeted by each class of antimicrobial agent. 3. Identify common pathways of antimicrobial resistance. 4. Identify factors contributing to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. 5. Describe the methodologies used to measure antimicrobial susceptibility. 6. List the advantages and disadvantages of each method. 7. Define the terms, MIC, MBC, SBT. 8. Discuss the criteria involved in the decision to perform a susceptibility test. 9. Identify the QA and QC criteria for performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 10. Identify and discuss key components that contribute to susceptibility testing accuracy. 11. Describe the relative effectiveness of various chemical substances as antimicrobial agents |
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| February 21
February 23 |
Lecture
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March 1 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapter 14
Hudson: Exercises 1 & 31
Tortora: Chapter 15
Hudson: Exercises 6 & 9 |
| Objectives:
1. Define pathology, etiology, infection and disease 2. Differentiate between normal and transient microbial flora 3. Define commensalism, mutualism and parasitism 4. List Koch's postulates 5. Categorize diseases according to frequency of occurrence 6. List reasons for emerging infectious disaeases 7. List methods of disease transmission 8. Identify predisposing factors for disease 9. Define eipdemiology 10. Define the terms morbidity and mortality 11. Describe colony morphology 12. Compare bacterial growth on solid and liquid media 13. Differentiate among enrichment, selective and differential media 14. Identify the principal portals of entry for infectious diseases 15. Describe how microbes adhere to host cells 16. Define leukocidin, hemolysin, coagulase, kinase, hyaluronidase and collagenase 17. Define exotoxin and endotoxin 18. Describe the mechanisms of action of diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin and lipid A 19. List cytopathic effects of viral infections |
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Spring Break: No Class |
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March 15 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapter 16
Hudson: Exercise 27 & Handout
Tortora: Chapter 17
Hudson: Exercise 28 |
| Objectives:
1. Describe the role of the skin and mucous membranes in nonspecific host resistance 2. List mechanical and chemical factors of host resistance to infectious diseases 3. List the types of white blood cells 4. Describe the roles of granulocytes and monocytes in nonspecific host resistance 5. Define phagocytosis and describe the process 6. List the stages of inflammation 7. List the mediators of inflammation and their roles in the process 8. List causes and effects of fever 9. List the components of the complement system, descibe two pathways of activation and consequences of activation 10. List the types of interferons and their mode of action 11. Differentiate between specific and nonspecific immunity 12. List the types of acquired immunity 13. Differentiate between humoral and cell-mediated immunity 14. Define antibody, antigen and hapten 15. List the classes of immunoglobulins and their functions 16. List the types of lymphocytes and their function 17. Distinguish between a primary and secondary immune response 18. Define monoclonal antibodies and describe methods of production 19. Define the terms agglutination, hemagglutination and titer 20. Describe how to determine ABO and Rh blood types 21. Describe how to determine antibody titers |
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March 22 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapter 18
Handout
Tortora: Chapter 19
Hudson: Exercise 26 |
| Objectives:
1. Define the following in relation to a vaccine, attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, toxin. 2. Describe the mechanism of recombinant and DNA vaccines 3. Describe how antibodies are used to diagnose disease. 4. Describe the following antibody related procedures: precipitation reactions, direct and indirect agglutination, neutralization, complement-fixation, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and radioimmunoassay. 5. Define hypersensitivity 6. Describe the mechanism of anaphylaxis 7. Compare local vs. systemic anaphylaxis 8. List the types of hypersensitivity reactions and give an example of each 9. Describe a mechanism for the induction of autoimmune diseases 10. List systemic and organ specific autoimmune diseases. 11. Describe the mechanisms that cause the rejection of a transplant 12. Define autograft, isograft, allograft, and xenograft 13. List the immune defect in specific congenital and acquired immune deficiencies 14. Describe the immune response to cancer and how cells evade immune responses 15. Describe the stages of HIV infection 16. Describe the effects of HIV on the immune system 17. List the routes of HIV transmission 18. List the methods of treatment and prevention of HIV 19. Explain how fluorescent-antibody tests can be used to diagnose diseaes 20. Differentiate between direct and indirect immunofluorescent tests |
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March 29 |
Lecture
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Handout and Computer Simulations
Tortora: Chapters 21 & 22
Hudson: Exercise 30 |
| Objectives:
1. Describe the structure of the skin and mucus membranes 2. Identify normal flora of the skin 3. Recognize common manifestations of various cutaneous infections. 4. Identify possible etiologic agents of skin infections. 5. List the major components of the nervous system 6. Define the term: blood-brain barrier 7. Differentiate between meningitis and encephilitis 8. Discuss the epidemiology of meningitis 9. List common pathogens of the nervous system 10. Describe the major infectious diseases of the central nervous system 11. Outline proper collection, transport and laboratory procedures for identification of causative agents in infections of skin. |
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April 5 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapter 24
Hudson: Exercise 25 and Handout
Tortora: Chapter 25
Hudson: Exercise 23 |
| Objectives:
1. Identify the anatomical features of the respiratory system. 2. List representative normal flora of the respiratory tract 3. Explain the basic pathogenic mechanisms of microorganisms in the respiratory tract. 4. Differentiate among pharygitis, larygitis, tonsilitis and sinusitis 5. List etiologic agents that cause upper respiratory tract infections 6. Differentiate among whooping cough, tuberculosis and pneumonia 7. Compare and contrast various types of bacterial pneumonias 8. Compare bacterial and viral pneumonias. 9. List fungal agents that cause respiratory disease 10. Identify the anatomocal features of the gastrointestinal tract 11. List bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract. 12. List the causative agents, symptoms and suspect food for bacillary dysentary, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, cholera, food poisoning, food intoxication, gastroenteritis and peptic ulcer disease. 13. Differentiate among Hepatitis A, C, C D and E 14. Identify fungal and protozoan diseases of the gastrointestinal tract 15. Describe the appropriate methodologies for identification of common respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections. |
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| April 10
April 12 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapter 26
Hudson: Exercise 24
Tortora: Chapter 27 & 28
Hudson: Exercise 32 & Handout |
| Objectives:
1. Identify the major anatomic features of the urinary and genital tract. 2. Identify the resident microbial flora of the urinary and genital tract. 3. Describe the etiologic agents associated with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), other genital tract infections (GTI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) 4. Describe the clinical manifestations of the major STDs. 5. Describe the factors that influence host-parasite relationship at it affects UTI and GTI. 6. Categorize the types of UTI 7. Discuss specimen collection, transport, examination, culture and identification of microorganisms associated with STDs and other GTI. |
| Date | Session Topics | Readings & Lab Exercises |
| April 17
April 19 |
Lecture
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Tortora: Chapter 27 & 28
Hudson: Exercise 19 & 22
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| Objectives:
1. Define extremophile, symbiosis, parasitism mutualism and mycorrhiza 2. Outline the carbon cycle and the roles of microorganisms in this cycle 3. Outline the nitrogen cycle and the roles of microorganisms in this cycle 4. Outline the sulfur cycle and the roles of microorganisms in this cycle 5. Describe how water is tested for bacteriological quality 6. List some of the biochemical activities that take place in an anaerobic sludge digestor 7. Define BOD, activated sludge, trikling filter, septic tank and oxidation pond 8. Compare and contrast food preservation methods 9. List beneficial activities in food production 10. Describe industrial fermentation 11. Describe the role of microorganisms in the production of industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. |
| Date | Session Topics | Readings & Assignments |
| April 24
May 1 |
Final Projects Due, Wrap Up
Final Exam (11:00 am) |
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