Module Nine    Part II: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research   

Continuation from Correlation -- Step 2 and 3

Correlation -- Step 4 

The fourth step is to square each of these numbers. Remember, when you have negative numbers and you square them, the result is a positive number.

Table 4

Correlation -- Step 5 

The fifth step is to sum these columns. The result is called sums of squares. Then divide this number by the number of scores. The result is called the variance. Now take the variance and calculate its square root. The result is called the standard deviation.

Table 5