rec.sport.tennis
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Archive-name: sports/tennis-faq/equipment
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 4 of 6
Table of Contents - File 4
File Item Title
---------------------------------------------------------------------
4 4.1
Buying a Tennis Racquet -- Issues to Consider .
4.2
Explanation of Racquet Grips . . . . . . . . .
4.3
Facts About Frames and Strings . . . . . . . .
4.4
Lead Tape and Its Application . . . . . . . . .
4.5
Racquet Stringing Information . . . . . . . . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1 Buying a Tennis Racquet -- Issues to Consider
(This section is a condensed version of an article originally posted
by
Charles Lin, clin@eng.umd.edu - modified by csmith@cc.gatech.edu).
The following article discusses various criteria individuals may want
to examine when considering buying a new tennis racquet. The
following
topics are covered:
+ Price
+ Where to buy (mail order vs. local store)
+ Racquet size
+ Flexibility
+ Racquet material
+ Vibration dampening
+ Racquet strings and stringing
+ Grips
+ Head balance
+ Weight
If you are looking for a racquet, the short advice is to
hit with as
many racquets as you can, and pick the one you like best. Like
anything,
choosing racquets is a highly subjective decision, and you will get
pickier as you get better in tennis. As a beginner, you
may not have
as much information as you would like. This article summarizes
issues
you should think about when buying a racquet.
Price
-----
Racquets range anywhere from 30 US dollars all the way
up to 250 US
dollars and more. They may roughly be divided into two classes
- those
costing $90 US or less, and those costing more than $90 US. Generally,
a reasonable racquet will cost at least $90 US (not on sale).
Most
racquets in this price range are made of graphite material or a graphite
composite. A few inexpensive racquets may be composed of a metallic
material such as aluminum. Usually the more expensive racquets
(200 to
300 US dollars) will have fancier features, but a less expensive model
may well suit your needs.
Mail order or not
-----------------
Should you mail order or not? The main
advantage of mail order is
cost savings and more selection variety. Disadvantages: (1) you
might get
ripped off; (2) no-return policies; (3) you can't play-test the racquet
before buying. If you do choose to mail order, you may want to
call the
Better Business Bureau (in the US) in the city where the company operates
from to see what kinds of complaints you get.
Buying from sports stores allows you to take
the racquet home right
away. You may be able to come close to a mail-order price if
you find the
racquet you want on sale. You can sometimes get discontinued
racquets at
great prices. Also, you can usually return the racquet if not
satisfied.
Size of racquet
---------------
The "racquet size" refers to the area bounded by
the oval part of the
racquet frame (the racquet head). Sizes may be roughly divided
into four
categories:
+ Standard (approx 66 sq. inches -- the old wood
racquets)
+ Midsize (80-90 sq. inches)
+ "Mid-overs" or "Mid-plus" (95-105 sq. inches)
+ Oversize (Approx 110 sq. inches)
(1 square inch = 6.452 square cm)
You can no longer find the standard size racquets
which are the old
wooden racquets of the past. Ever since Pam Shriver and
others started
using larger-sized racquets, other pros and amateurs have made the
switch.
What does size mean to you? An
oversized racquet means you have
more area to hit the ball, and the racquet is more forgiving on off-center
shots. Many baseliners use oversize racquets because they hit
many strokes
and tend to utilize the extra area to help with topspin production.
These
racquets can lead to sloppy stroke production and can be too powerful
for
some players. This is usually not a big problem for most players.
A midsize racquet is usually a little better for
volleyers who play
against hard hitters because it provides a bit of control. On
the other
hand, the oversized racquet still provides more area to hit with, and
some serve and volleyers will use oversized racquets.
The mid-over is a compromise -- more powerful
than the midsize but
not as powerful as the oversized. These racquets are becoming
more popular
than midsize racquets. Some companies have introduced super-oversized
models, which are a bit larger than oversize (typically about 115-120
sq. in.). There are even a few models around 130 sq. inches,
which are
probably much too big for reasonable play and should be avoided.
The
best way to determine the right size for you is to play-test with the
different sizes. There are a great number and variety of mid-over
and
oversize models to choose from.
Widebodies
----------
The "widebody revolution" started in the late 80's
with models such
as the Wilson Profile. Different companies have produced various
racquets
that vary in their widebody construction (e.g., equally wide - Classic
Beam; wide on top - Prince; wide on bottom - Head).
Generally, Wider -> More powerful, stiffer,
more expensive. Wide-
bodies are usually 18mm (very narrow) up to 30mm wide. The general
rule
of thumb is that the quicker and longer a stroke motion you have, the
narrower a racquet you should use (not a hard-and-fast rule, though).
It should be noted that you are not going to
find non-widebodies
around. Almost every racquet is wide to some extent. One
problem with
widebodies occurs when people try to hit the ball edge on as in extreme
sliced shots or topspin shots. You tend to hit the side of the
racquet
a lot more. You can compensate through a bit of practice.
Extra Long Racquets
-------------------
Manufacturers of racquets have been looking for many
different ways
to add power to racquets. The aluminum racquet, the oversized
racquet,
the graphite racquet, widebodies, and now extra long racquets.
A standard
racquet measures 27 inches, and the rules permit a racquet to be as
long
as 32 inches. (Note: The International Tennis Federation has
proposed a
reduction in maximum allowable racquet length from 32 inches to 29
inches).
The new longer racquets are typically about 28 inches long.
Given that most tennis racquet manufacturers now
produce a longer
racquet, it's safe to say that this idea does work. It seems
to help add
a little power to the serve. The only tricky part is making
sure that
you can still hit the same kind of stroke with the longer racquets
that
you can with a normal racquet. It seems manufacturers have been
paying
attention to this.
Stiff or flexible
-----------------
Stiff racquets bend and torque a lot less than flexible
racquets and
thus usually generate more power. Stiff racquets will also produce
a bit
more accuracy than a flexible racquet because they twist less on impact
so
the response is more predictable. Primarily though, flexibility
translates
to comfort. Stiff racquets tend to be more uncomfortable (i.e.,
produce
more shock to the arm) than flexible racquets. The widebodies
all tend
to be fairly stiff racquets though many of these racquets now have
some
kind of dampening system (see Vibration Dampening below).
Material
--------
Racquets are usually composed of graphite and metal.
There are no
racquets made of wood being made today. Ceramic racquets,
which used to
be made, are reported too brittle and are more likely to break than
graphite
racquets. Almost all metal racquets are junior sized racquets
or lower
priced racquets. Graphite racquets are sometimes combined
with other
materials such as fiberglass to affect the flexibility. Generally,
if
you want to play "seriously", you choose graphite. The graphite
racquets
tend to have better vibration technology than metal.
Vibration dampening
-------------------
Vibration dampening appears to be the current industry
fad (e.g., Head -
Vibrasorb, Dunlop - ISIS, Prince - liquid crystal polymers).
The method
for dampening a racquet's vibration is provided either in the material
of
the racquet, the material underneath the grip, or some method of "isolating"
the head of the racquet with the body. Vibration dampening affects
the
"feel" of a racquet by alleviating the "shock" of ball impact and can
help
alleviate a common cause of tennis elbow (improper stroke production
is
another cause).
You can also buy vibration dampeners which can be sponge
inserts,
plastic inserts, or you can even tie a rubber band to the racquet like
Agassi. These dampeners probably work, but it's a matter
a personal
judgment as to whether you need these devices.
Strings
-------
Basically there are three kinds of strings you can
get: (1) Nylon,
(2) Gut, and (3) Synthetic Gut. Nylon is cheap and durable,
but it is
not overly resilient and tends to lose tension before it snaps.
Gut is
the choice of many pros, but it is rather expensive and generally not
recommended unless you can afford to buy in bulk and have your own
stringing machine. Gut strings are resilient, hold tension better,
and
players like the feel better. However, humidity affects
the strings
and cause them to degrade. Gut doesn't last as long as nylon.
The compromise is synthetic strings.
Basically, gut is made by long
thin strands of cow or sheep gut, and it is twisted together in much
the
same way twine or string is made. Synthetic gut does the same
thing with
nylon strings to achieve the same effect. They cost more
than nylon but
less than real gut. They play and hold tension better than nylon.
Strings come in various thicknesses, called "gauges."
You have 15, 15L,
16, 16L, and 17. Larger numbers mean thinner strings. "L"
means light and
can be thought of as half as size (so 15L can be considered 15 1/2).
Thick strings have less resilience and feel than thin strings but last
longer.
So-called "topspin" strings are mostly gimmicky and
should probably be
avoided. These are rough surfaced strings designed to grab the
ball better.
The feel or durability of the strings are not necessarily improved.
Cost of strings range from about $10-$15 (US) for
nylon to $12-$30 for
synthetic gut to $30-$50 for gut strings. Strings can be purchased
in
large reels for stringing at home for less.
String snapping
---------------
The main cause of strings breaking is excessive spin.
If you play
with lots of spin, you cause the strings to slide. Under the
tensions
these strings are under, this causes notches which you can actually
see.
The notches eventually break. The harder you hit, and the more
spin you
hit, the more likely the strings will break sooner.
One way to avoid this problem (or at least prolong
string life) is to
use inserts called "String-a-lings" that prevent the strings from sliding
too much. You can place this device at points where the
string crosses.
Another possibility is to use thicker strings or to string at a higher
tension (next section). Higher tensions means less string sliding
but
can mean a greater likelihood that a string will snap (because of higher
tensile pressure).
String tension
--------------
Note: 1 pound (lb) = 0.448 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = 4.39 Newtons
String tension is usually measured in pounds (in
the US). Recommended
string tensions have varied with the times but these days usually run
in the
range of the mid 60's (pounds) for oversize and high 50's to low 60's
for
mid-overs.
How do you choose a tension? If you're
unsure, choose a tension that
is halfway between the manufacturer's ranges. You can then adjust
up or
down until you find the tension most suitable for you. Exceeding
the
limits of manufacturer's recommended string tensions might void the
racquet warranty (check with the racquet company if you have questions),
but most racquets can withstand a great range of tensions before damage
sets in. Higher tensions will probably cause a little more damage
than
lower tensions.
Basically, higher tensions decrease the size of the
sweetspot and
reduce the power (thus increasing control a bit). The higher
the tension,
the more boardlike the feel. Some people like this. Desired
tension is
pretty much a matter of personal taste, and as you improve the level
of
your game, you are apt to notice small fluctuations in string tensions.
Also note that the same string tension will have a different "feel"
for
different racquets.
Overwraps
---------
Most racquet grips used to be made of leather and
would become hard to
grip when the pores became clogged with dirt from your sweat.
A solution
to this problem is the use of an overgrip. Overgrips are *temporary*
grips,
and it is not recommended that you attempt to actually replace a racquet's
existing grip.
Overgrips fit over the existing grip (and thus increase
the grip size
a bit - see next section) and absorb the sweat better. Some overgrips
are
"tacky" or sticky. Some are even essentially gauze with tape
and some
sticky powder. They should be replaced about every five
times of playing
or sooner. Otherwise, they get a little icky.
Some overgrips feel
rubbery, others cloth like, others a bit powdery. They are about
5 US
dollars for a set of three.
Nowadays there are synthetic grips which are
much easier to grip than
leather, thus possibly removing the need for overgrips.
Replacement Grips
-----------------
Replacement grips are meant to replace the original
(leather or
synthetic) grip that your racquet came with. Typically,
this requires
someone with experience to do this for you. Replacing a
grip requires
more skill than using overwraps. Replacement grips should
cost less
than 20 US dollars.
Grip size
---------
There are, generally speaking, three basic grip sizes:
4 3/8, 4 1/2,
and 4 5/8 inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm). Despite the 1/8 inch difference
in
circumference, you can really notice the difference. A general
rule of
thumb is to choose the largest grip you feel comfortable with, but
again
there are exceptions to every rule. In some cases you might can
obtain
grip sizes as diverse as 4 1/8 or 4 7/8 inches through a mail order
company
or a local pro shop.
Head balance
------------
Take a racquet and find the length half way.
A racquet is typically
27 inches long so this is 13 1/2 inches. If the racquet balances
halfway,
then it is even balance. If it tilts to the racquet head, it
is head heavy.
If it tilts toward the handle, it is head light.
The balance of a racquet
can make two racquets of equal weight feel different. The head
heavy
racquet will feel heavier than the lighter one when you swing (think
of
the difference in holding a hammer at either end).
A head light racquet is better for serve and volleyers
who need to
move the racquet quickly. A head heavy racquet is a little
better for
baseliners who want to place more mass behind the racquet. Most
racquets
are only marginally head heavy or head light.
Some terminology. Find the half way point (13
1/2 inches). If the
balance point of your racquet is 3/8 inch closer to the racquet head
than
the halfway point, then it is 3 points head heavy (1 point = 1/8 inch).
If the racquet balances 3/8 inch closer to the handle, then is is 3
point
head light.
Weight
------
As a rule, the trend in weight is toward lighter
and lighter racquets,
particularly with the introduction of graphite. Racquets right
now weigh
about 11 and 1/2 ounces and decreasing with time. Some racquets
are even
less than 10 ounces. The lighter a racquet, the easier it is
to swing.
However, light racquets place less weight behind the shot, and hence
you
have to swing faster to get a more powerful shot. This
has been the main
way (along with balance) to tame the power of widebodies.
Conclusion
----------
This discussion is not meant to provide you with
the method for selecting
your racquet, rather to present the various issues you will confront
as you
make your choice. Good luck with the racquet hunt.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.2 Explanation of Racquet Grips
(This material provided by Charles Lin, clin@eng.umd.edu, and modified
by
csmith@cc.gatech.edu.)
It is a bit difficult to explain the various racquet grips
without a
little "show and tell," so to speak, but the following discussion may
be
of help to beginners or players who are experimenting with racquet
grips.
Some diagrams to help with the discussion:
Here's two views of a racquet, with numbered labels shown
which are
referred to in discussions below.
---------
/ 1 \
_______
View from / 8
2 \
grip / \
bottom
/
\ 1__________/
racquet \
------
|
| |__________
face |
racquet | 7
3 |
5 \
/
butt
|
|
\_______/
\
/
\ 6 4 /
"Face-On" view... racquet face is
\ 5 /
in the same plane as imaginary
-------- line
connecting sides 1 and 5.
The grips are explained below by relating the knuckle
of the index
finger to the relative racquet butt position the knuckle lines up over.
In other words, to obtain a certain grip, place the index knuckle on
the indicated butt edge and then slide your hand upward on the racquet
grip. In case there's any confusion, here's a diagram of the
(right)
index finger:
thumb (located about here)
--
-
\ ----------------------------------
| |
--- \
X |||
| | | | (first finger)
| |
--- /
----------------------------------
"X" marks the bottom of the knuckle.
Imagine that you are making a
fist, and staring at the knuckles. X is the location where
this bend
would occur on the first finger.
Summary of locations (refer to racquet butt
diagram for positions)
--------------------
1 Eastern backhand
1-2 Continental
2 Eastern forehand
2-3 Semi-Western
4 Western
5 Exaggerated Western
(note this is also the Eastern
backhand)
The plain numbers like 1, 2, 3 refer to the
flat portions of the grip
while the 2-3 refer to the corner. Place the bottom knuckle of
the first
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (4/6) - Equipment
Archive-name: sports/tennis-faq/equipment
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 4 of 6
Table of Contents - File 4
File Item Title
---------------------------------------------------------------------
4 4.1
Buying a Tennis Racquet -- Issues to Consider .
4.2
Explanation of Racquet Grips . . . . . . . . .
4.3
Facts About Frames and Strings . . . . . . . .
4.4
Lead Tape and Its Application . . . . . . . . .
4.5
Racquet Stringing Information . . . . . . . . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1 Buying a Tennis Racquet -- Issues to Consider
(This section is a condensed version of an article originally posted
by
Charles Lin, clin@eng.umd.edu - modified by csmith@cc.gatech.edu).
The following article discusses various criteria individuals may want
to examine when considering buying a new tennis racquet. The
following
topics are covered:
+ Price
+ Where to buy (mail order vs. local store)
+ Racquet size
+ Flexibility
+ Racquet material
+ Vibration dampening
+ Racquet strings and stringing
+ Grips
+ Head balance
+ Weight
If you are looking for a racquet, the short advice is to
hit with as
many racquets as you can, and pick the one you like best. Like
anything,
choosing racquets is a highly subjective decision, and you will get
pickier as you get better in tennis. As a beginner, you
may not have
as much information as you would like. This article summarizes
issues
you should think about when buying a racquet.
Price
-----
Racquets range anywhere from 30 US dollars all the way
up to 250 US
dollars and more. They may roughly be divided into two classes
- those
costing $90 US or less, and those costing more than $90 US. Generally,
a reasonable racquet will cost at least $90 US (not on sale).
Most
racquets in this price range are made of graphite material or a graphite
composite. A few inexpensive racquets may be composed of a metallic
material such as aluminum. Usually the more expensive racquets
(200 to
300 US dollars) will have fancier features, but a less expensive model
may well suit your needs.
Mail order or not
-----------------
Should you mail order or not? The main
advantage of mail order is
cost savings and more selection variety. Disadvantages: (1) you
might get
ripped off; (2) no-return policies; (3) you can't play-test the racquet
before buying. If you do choose to mail order, you may want to
call the
Better Business Bureau (in the US) in the city where the company operates
from to see what kinds of complaints you get.
Buying from sports stores allows you to take
the racquet home right
away. You may be able to come close to a mail-order price if
you find the
racquet you want on sale. You can sometimes get discontinued
racquets at
great prices. Also, you can usually return the racquet if not
satisfied.
Size of racquet
---------------
The "racquet size" refers to the area bounded by
the oval part of the
racquet frame (the racquet head). Sizes may be roughly divided
into four
categories:
+ Standard (approx 66 sq. inches -- the old wood
racquets)
+ Midsize (80-90 sq. inches)
+ "Mid-overs" or "Mid-plus" (95-105 sq. inches)
+ Oversize (Approx 110 sq. inches)
(1 square inch = 6.452 square cm)
You can no longer find the standard size racquets
which are the old
wooden racquets of the past. Ever since Pam Shriver and
others started
using larger-sized racquets, other pros and amateurs have made the
switch.
What does size mean to you? An
oversized racquet means you have
more area to hit the ball, and the racquet is more forgiving on off-center
shots. Many baseliners use oversize racquets because they hit
many strokes
and tend to utilize the extra area to help with topspin production.
These
racquets can lead to sloppy stroke production and can be too powerful
for
some players. This is usually not a big problem for most players.
A midsize racquet is usually a little better for
volleyers who play
against hard hitters because it provides a bit of control. On
the other
hand, the oversized racquet still provides more area to hit with, and
some serve and volleyers will use oversized racquets.
The mid-over is a compromise -- more powerful
than the midsize but
not as powerful as the oversized. These racquets are becoming
more popular
than midsize racquets. Some companies have introduced super-oversized
models, which are a bit larger than oversize (typically about 115-120
sq. in.). There are even a few models around 130 sq. inches,
which are
probably much too big for reasonable play and should be avoided.
The
best way to determine the right size for you is to play-test with the
different sizes. There are a great number and variety of mid-over
and
oversize models to choose from.
Widebodies
----------
The "widebody revolution" started in the late 80's
with models such
as the Wilson Profile. Different companies have produced various
racquets
that vary in their widebody construction (e.g., equally wide - Classic
Beam; wide on top - Prince; wide on bottom - Head).
Generally, Wider -> More powerful, stiffer,
more expensive. Wide-
bodies are usually 18mm (very narrow) up to 30mm wide. The general
rule
of thumb is that the quicker and longer a stroke motion you have, the
narrower a racquet you should use (not a hard-and-fast rule, though).
It should be noted that you are not going to
find non-widebodies
around. Almost every racquet is wide to some extent. One
problem with
widebodies occurs when people try to hit the ball edge on as in extreme
sliced shots or topspin shots. You tend to hit the side of the
racquet
a lot more. You can compensate through a bit of practice.
Extra Long Racquets
-------------------
Manufacturers of racquets have been looking for many
different ways
to add power to racquets. The aluminum racquet, the oversized
racquet,
the graphite racquet, widebodies, and now extra long racquets.
A standard
racquet measures 27 inches, and the rules permit a racquet to be as
long
as 32 inches. (Note: The International Tennis Federation has
proposed a
reduction in maximum allowable racquet length from 32 inches to 29
inches).
The new longer racquets are typically about 28 inches long.
Given that most tennis racquet manufacturers now
produce a longer
racquet, it's safe to say that this idea does work. It seems
to help add
a little power to the serve. The only tricky part is making
sure that
you can still hit the same kind of stroke with the longer racquets
that
you can with a normal racquet. It seems manufacturers have been
paying
attention to this.
Stiff or flexible
-----------------
Stiff racquets bend and torque a lot less than flexible
racquets and
thus usually generate more power. Stiff racquets will also produce
a bit
more accuracy than a flexible racquet because they twist less on impact
so
the response is more predictable. Primarily though, flexibility
translates
to comfort. Stiff racquets tend to be more uncomfortable (i.e.,
produce
more shock to the arm) than flexible racquets. The widebodies
all tend
to be fairly stiff racquets though many of these racquets now have
some
kind of dampening system (see Vibration Dampening below).
Material
--------
Racquets are usually composed of graphite and metal.
There are no
racquets made of wood being made today. Ceramic racquets,
which used to
be made, are reported too brittle and are more likely to break than
graphite
racquets. Almost all metal racquets are junior sized racquets
or lower
priced racquets. Graphite racquets are sometimes combined
with other
materials such as fiberglass to affect the flexibility. Generally,
if
you want to play "seriously", you choose graphite. The graphite
racquets
tend to have better vibration technology than metal.
Vibration dampening
-------------------
Vibration dampening appears to be the current industry
fad (e.g., Head -
Vibrasorb, Dunlop - ISIS, Prince - liquid crystal polymers).
The method
for dampening a racquet's vibration is provided either in the material
of
the racquet, the material underneath the grip, or some method of "isolating"
the head of the racquet with the body. Vibration dampening affects
the
"feel" of a racquet by alleviating the "shock" of ball impact and can
help
alleviate a common cause of tennis elbow (improper stroke production
is
another cause).
You can also buy vibration dampeners which can be sponge
inserts,
plastic inserts, or you can even tie a rubber band to the racquet like
Agassi. These dampeners probably work, but it's a matter
a personal
judgment as to whether you need these devices.
Strings
-------
Basically there are three kinds of strings you can
get: (1) Nylon,
(2) Gut, and (3) Synthetic Gut. Nylon is cheap and durable,
but it is
not overly resilient and tends to lose tension before it snaps.
Gut is
the choice of many pros, but it is rather expensive and generally not
recommended unless you can afford to buy in bulk and have your own
stringing machine. Gut strings are resilient, hold tension better,
and
players like the feel better. However, humidity affects
the strings
and cause them to degrade. Gut doesn't last as long as nylon.
The compromise is synthetic strings.
Basically, gut is made by long
thin strands of cow or sheep gut, and it is twisted together in much
the
same way twine or string is made. Synthetic gut does the same
thing with
nylon strings to achieve the same effect. They cost more
than nylon but
less than real gut. They play and hold tension better than nylon.
Strings come in various thicknesses, called "gauges."
You have 15, 15L,
16, 16L, and 17. Larger numbers mean thinner strings. "L"
means light and
can be thought of as half as size (so 15L can be considered 15 1/2).
Thick strings have less resilience and feel than thin strings but last
longer.
So-called "topspin" strings are mostly gimmicky and
should probably be
avoided. These are rough surfaced strings designed to grab the
ball better.
The feel or durability of the strings are not necessarily improved.
Cost of strings range from about $10-$15 (US) for
nylon to $12-$30 for
synthetic gut to $30-$50 for gut strings. Strings can be purchased
in
large reels for stringing at home for less.
String snapping
---------------
The main cause of strings breaking is excessive spin.
If you play
with lots of spin, you cause the strings to slide. Under the
tensions
these strings are under, this causes notches which you can actually
see.
The notches eventually break. The harder you hit, and the more
spin you
hit, the more likely the strings will break sooner.
One way to avoid this problem (or at least prolong
string life) is to
use inserts called "String-a-lings" that prevent the strings from sliding
too much. You can place this device at points where the
string crosses.
Another possibility is to use thicker strings or to string at a higher
tension (next section). Higher tensions means less string sliding
but
can mean a greater likelihood that a string will snap (because of higher
tensile pressure).
String tension
--------------
Note: 1 pound (lb) = 0.448 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = 4.39 Newtons
String tension is usually measured in pounds (in
the US). Recommended
string tensions have varied with the times but these days usually run
in the
range of the mid 60's (pounds) for oversize and high 50's to low 60's
for
mid-overs.
How do you choose a tension? If you're
unsure, choose a tension that
is halfway between the manufacturer's ranges. You can then adjust
up or
down until you find the tension most suitable for you. Exceeding
the
limits of manufacturer's recommended string tensions might void the
racquet warranty (check with the racquet company if you have questions),
but most racquets can withstand a great range of tensions before damage
sets in. Higher tensions will probably cause a little more damage
than
lower tensions.
Basically, higher tensions decrease the size of the
sweetspot and
reduce the power (thus increasing control a bit). The higher
the tension,
the more boardlike the feel. Some people like this. Desired
tension is
pretty much a matter of personal taste, and as you improve the level
of
your game, you are apt to notice small fluctuations in string tensions.
Also note that the same string tension will have a different "feel"
for
different racquets.
Overwraps
---------
Most racquet grips used to be made of leather and
would become hard to
grip when the pores became clogged with dirt from your sweat.
A solution
to this problem is the use of an overgrip. Overgrips are *temporary*
grips,
and it is not recommended that you attempt to actually replace a racquet's
existing grip.
Overgrips fit over the existing grip (and thus increase
the grip size
a bit - see next section) and absorb the sweat better. Some overgrips
are
"tacky" or sticky. Some are even essentially gauze with tape
and some
sticky powder. They should be replaced about every five
times of playing
or sooner. Otherwise, they get a little icky.
Some overgrips feel
rubbery, others cloth like, others a bit powdery. They are about
5 US
dollars for a set of three.
Nowadays there are synthetic grips which are
much easier to grip than
leather, thus possibly removing the need for overgrips.
Replacement Grips
-----------------
Replacement grips are meant to replace the original
(leather or
synthetic) grip that your racquet came with. Typically,
this requires
someone with experience to do this for you. Replacing a
grip requires
more skill than using overwraps. Replacement grips should
cost less
than 20 US dollars.
Grip size
---------
There are, generally speaking, three basic grip sizes:
4 3/8, 4 1/2,
and 4 5/8 inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm). Despite the 1/8 inch difference
in
circumference, you can really notice the difference. A general
rule of
thumb is to choose the largest grip you feel comfortable with, but
again
there are exceptions to every rule. In some cases you might can
obtain
grip sizes as diverse as 4 1/8 or 4 7/8 inches through a mail order
company
or a local pro shop.
Head balance
------------
Take a racquet and find the length half way.
A racquet is typically
27 inches long so this is 13 1/2 inches. If the racquet balances
halfway,
then it is even balance. If it tilts to the racquet head, it
is head heavy.
If it tilts toward the handle, it is head light.
The balance of a racquet
can make two racquets of equal weight feel different. The head
heavy
racquet will feel heavier than the lighter one when you swing (think
of
the difference in holding a hammer at either end).
A head light racquet is better for serve and volleyers
who need to
move the racquet quickly. A head heavy racquet is a little
better for
baseliners who want to place more mass behind the racquet. Most
racquets
are only marginally head heavy or head light.
Some terminology. Find the half way point (13
1/2 inches). If the
balance point of your racquet is 3/8 inch closer to the racquet head
than
the halfway point, then it is 3 points head heavy (1 point = 1/8 inch).
If the racquet balances 3/8 inch closer to the handle, then is is 3
point
head light.
Weight
------
As a rule, the trend in weight is toward lighter
and lighter racquets,
particularly with the introduction of graphite. Racquets right
now weigh
about 11 and 1/2 ounces and decreasing with time. Some racquets
are even
less than 10 ounces. The lighter a racquet, the easier it is
to swing.
However, light racquets place less weight behind the shot, and hence
you
have to swing faster to get a more powerful shot. This
has been the main
way (along with balance) to tame the power of widebodies.
Conclusion
----------
This discussion is not meant to provide you with
the method for selecting
your racquet, rather to present the various issues you will confront
as you
make your choice. Good luck with the racquet hunt.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.2 Explanation of Racquet Grips
(This material provided by Charles Lin, clin@eng.umd.edu, and modified
by
csmith@cc.gatech.edu.)
It is a bit difficult to explain the various racquet grips
without a
little "show and tell," so to speak, but the following discussion may
be
of help to beginners or players who are experimenting with racquet
grips.
Some diagrams to help with the discussion:
Here's two views of a racquet, with numbered labels shown
which are
referred to in discussions below.
---------
/ 1 \
_______
View from / 8
2 \
grip / \
bottom
/
\ 1__________/
racquet \
------
|
| |__________
face |
racquet | 7
3 |
5 \
/
butt
|
|
\_______/
\
/
\ 6 4 /
"Face-On" view... racquet face is
\ 5 /
in the same plane as imaginary
-------- line
connecting sides 1 and 5.
The grips are explained below by relating the knuckle
of the index
finger to the relative racquet butt position the knuckle lines up over.
In other words, to obtain a certain grip, place the index knuckle on
the indicated butt edge and then slide your hand upward on the racquet
grip. In case there's any confusion, here's a diagram of the
(right)
index finger:
thumb (located about here)
--
-
\ ----------------------------------
| |
--- \
X |||
| | | | (first finger)
| |
--- /
----------------------------------
"X" marks the bottom of the knuckle.
Imagine that you are making a
fist, and staring at the knuckles. X is the location where
this bend
would occur on the first finger.
Summary of locations (refer to racquet butt
diagram for positions)
--------------------
1 Eastern backhand
1-2 Continental
2 Eastern forehand
2-3 Semi-Western
4 Western
5 Exaggerated Western
(note this is also the Eastern
backhand)
The plain numbers like 1, 2, 3 refer to the
flat portions of the grip
while the 2-3 refer to the corner. Place the bottom knuckle of
the first
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (6/6) -
Miscellaneous
Archive-name: sports/tennis-faq/miscellaneous
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 6 of 6
Table of Contents - File 6
File Item Title
---------------------------------------------------------------------
6 6.1
Tennis Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 USTA Self Rating System . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 USTA Rules and Code On-Line . . . . . . . . . .
6.4 Origin of Scoring System in Tennis . . . .
. .
6.5 Tennis Tie-Break Rules . . . . . . . . . .
. .
6.6 Dimensions of a Tennis Court . . . . . . .
. .
6.7 Professional Tournament Seeding . . . . . . . .
6.8 World Team Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.9 Common Pro Tennis Acronyms . . . . . . . .
. .
A.1
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.1 Tennis Elbow
The following information, compiled by David Poyourow (poy@irvine.dg.com),
may be useful to readers suffering from tennis elbow.
Tips for alleviating tennis elbow:
+ Ultimately, you have to rest it for a long time for it to recede.
+ A doctor can prescribe anti-inflammatories like naprosin, although
you might find ibuprofin works for you. A doctor
can also give a
shot of cortisone, or even arthroscopic surgury for it,
but that is
treating the symptom, not the cause.
+ Stretch the tendon before you play by extending your elbow and
then
extending and flexing your wrist.
+ Ice your elbow down after you play.
+ Strengthen your grip to relieve the stress on your elbow with
one of
those blobs or springs you crush in your hand.
+ Relearn your strokes to remove 'wristy-ness'. Use a locked
wrist
type stroke.
+ Try a shock absorber on the strings.
+ I have done all of the above and my elbow seldom bothers me;
however,
once you get it, you will always have a tendency to have
it.
+ Those bands that people put on their forearms change the position
of
the tendon, which allows you to abuse a fresh part of
the tendon;
perhaps while doing this, the old irritated part will
heal.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.2 USTA Self Rating System
Self-Rating Guidelines:
The National Tennis Rating Program provides a simple, initial self-placement
method of grouping individuals of similar ability levels for league
play,
tournament, group lessons, social competition and club or community
programs.
The rating categories are generalizations about skill levels. You may
find
that you actually play above or below the category which best describes
your
skill level, depending on your competitive ability. The category you
choose
is not meant to be permanent, but may be adjusted as your skills change
or as
your match play demonstrates the need for reclassification. Ultimately,
your
rating is based upon your results in match play.
To place yourself:
A. Begin with 1.0. Read all the categories carefully
and then decide
which one best describes your
present ability level. If your abilities
range between two catagories,
then choose the lower one.
B. Be certain that you qualify on all points of all
preceding categories
as well as those in the classification
you choose.
C. When rating yourself assume you are playing against
a player of the
same sex and the same ability.
D. Your self-rating may be verified by a teaching
professional, coach,
league coordinator or other qualified
expert.
E. The person in charge of your tennis program has
the right to reclassify
you based upon match results,
if your self-placement is thought to be
inappropriate
Rating Categories:
1.0 This player is just starting to play tennis.
1.5 This player has limited playing experience and
is still working
primarily on getting the ball
into play.
2.0 This player needs on-court experience. This
player has obvious
stroke weaknesses but is familiar
with basic positions for singles
and doubles play.
2.5 This player is learning to judge where the
ball is going although
court coverage is weak.
This player can sustain a slow rally with
other players of same ability.
3.0 This player is consistent when hitting medium
pace shots, but is
not comfortable with all strokes
and lacks control when trying for
a directional intent, depth, or
power.
3.5 This player has achieved improved stroke dependability
and direction
on moderate pace shots, but still
lacks depth and variety. This
player exhibits more aggressive
net play, has improved court coverage,
and is developing teamwork in
doubles.
4.0 This player has dependable strokes, including
directional intent,
on both forehand and backhand
sides on moderate shots, plus the
ability to use lobs, overheads,
approach shots and volleys with
some success. This player
occasionally forces errors when serving
and teamwork in doubles is evident.
4.5 This player has begun to master the use of power
and spins and is
beginning to handle pace, has
sound footwork, can control depth of
shots, and is beginning to vary
tactica according to opponents.
This player can hit first serves
with power and accuracy and place
the second serve and is able to
rush the net successfully.
5.0 This player has good shot anticipation and frequently
has an
outstanding shot or attribute
around which a game may be structured.
This player can regularly hit
winners or force errors off of short
balls, can put away volleys, can
successfully execute lobs, drop
shots, half volleys and overhead
smashes, and has good depth and
spin on most second serves.
5.5 This player has developed power and/or consistency
as a major weapon.
This player can vary strategies
and styles of play in a competitive
situation and hits dependable
shots in a stress situation.
6.0 These players will generally not need NRTP rankings.
Rankings or
to past rankings will speak for themselves.
The 6.0 player typically
7.0 has had intensive training for national tournament
competition at
the junior level and collegiate
levels and has obtained a sectional
or national ranking. The
6.5 player has a reasonable chance of
succeeding at the 7.0 level and
has extensive satellite tournament
experience. The 7.0 is a
world class player who is committed to
tournament competition on the
international level and whose major
source of income is tournament
prize winnings.
With this list you can rate yourself.
Should you realize that your
abilities range between two categories, then the lower one should be
used
to determine your playing level.
Have fun and keep enjoying this great sport.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.3 USTA Rules and Code Online
For those who wish to obtain an online copy of the complete USTA Rules
and Code, this information is now available via the World Wide Web:
<URL:http://www.tennisserver.com/rules.html>
(Rules)
<URL:http://www.tennisserver.com/code.html>
(Code)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.4 Origin of the Scoring System in Tennis
The traditional scoring system in a tennis game is 15-30-40-deuce-ad-game.
The scoring system is said to derive from the usage of the four quarters
of a clock (15-30-45-60) used to score a game in the pre-modern era.
60
would signify game, while 45 was, in time, "shortened" to 40.
A common (but unproven) explanation for the term "love" to signify a
score of zero is that it originates from the French term "l'oeuf."
Another explanation is based on the idea that to do something for love
is to do something for nothing (zero).
The tie-break in tennis originated with Jimmy Van Alen in the late 1960s.
Van Alen wished to eliminate interminable deuce sets (sets where the
score
reaches 5 games all and, under traditional rules, play continues until
the
winner of the set acquires a two-game advantage).
After some experimentation at Newport, R.I., a "sudden death" tie-break
was introduced at the US Open in 1970. The winner of the tie-break
was
the first person to reach five points with an advantage of at least
one.
The current version of the tie-break -- first to seven with an advantage
of two -- was implemented in 1975.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.5
Tennis Tie-Break Rules
(Source: USTA)
If announced in advance of the match, a tie-break game operates when
the
score reaches six games all in any set.
In singles, the player who first wins seven points wins the game and
the
set provided he or she leads by a margin of two points. If the score
reaches
six points all the game is extended until this margin has been achieved.
Numerical scoring is used throughout the tie-break. The player whose
turn
it is to serve is the Server for the first point; his or her opponent
is the
Server for the second and third points; and, thereafter, each player
serves
alternately for two consecutive points until the winner of the game
and set
has been decided.
In doubles, the player whose turn it is to serve is the Server for the
first point. Thereafter, each player serves in rotation for two points,
in the same order as determined previously in that set, until the winners
of the game and set have been decided.
Starting with the first point, each service is delivered alternately
from
the right and left courts, beginning from the right court. The first
Server
serves the first point from the right court; the second Server serves
the
second and third points from the left and right courts respectively;
the
next Server serves the fourth and fifth points from the left and right
courts, respectively; and so on.
Players change ends after every six points and at the conclusion of
the
tie-break game. The player (or doubles pair) who served first in the
tie-break shall receive service in the first game of the following
set.
(In other words, the tie-break counts as a service game for the player
who serves the first ball.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.6 Dimensions of a Tennis Court
The singles court is 78 feet (23.77 m) long and 27 feet (8.23 m) wide.
The doubles court is 36 feet (10.97 m) wide (thus the doubles alleys
are about 4-1/2 feet - 1.37 m - wide).
The service lines on either side of the net are at a distance of 21
feet (6.40 m) from the net. The center service line is halfway between
the singles (or doubles) sidelines.
The net is supported by two net posts (at least three feet - 0.91 m
-
outside the doubles sideline - or 3 feet outside the singles sideline
for a singles-only court) to a height of 3-1/2 feet (1.07 m) and
supported at the center service line to a height of 3 feet by a white
strap. Additionally, for singles matches, the net is supported
by two
"singles sticks" (posts) about 3 feet outside the singles sidelines
to
a height of 3-1/2 feet.
The ITF stipulates that for ITF competitions (the Grand Slams and Davis
and Federation Cups) the space behind the baseline should be at least
21 feet (6.40 m) and the space outside of the furthest sideline should
be at least 12 feet (3.66 m).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.7 Professional Tournament Seeding
The following diagram shows the typical formula used to determine the
draws for 16-seed men's and women's tournaments (for meetings in the
round-of-16). Sometimes there are some minor modifications employed;
e.g, the #3/4 seed might be placed in the part of a quarter opposite
the indicated position.
As indicated, more restrictions are placed on men's draws. For
instance,
in a men's draw, the only seeded player #1 and #2 can possibly meet
in the
round of 16 is either #15 or #16; whereas, in a women's draw, #1 and
#2
can meet any one among the #9 to #16 range.
In general, women's seeds are distributed such that seed #n and seed
#(n+1)
are distributed in opposite halves of the draw, where n is an odd number.
Seedings and draw information for 16-seed pro tournaments
Women Men
1
1 --------+
|--------+
one of 9-16 15 or 16 --------+
|
|--------+
one of 9-16 9 or 10 --------+
| |
|--------+ |
one of 5-8 7 or 8
--------+
|
|--------+
3 or 4
3 or 4 --------+
| |
|--------+ |
|
one of 9-16 13 or 14 --------+
| |
|
|--------+ |
one of 9-16 11 or 12 --------+
|
|
|--------+
|
one of 5-8 5 or 6
--------+
|
+-------->
one of 5-8 5 or 6
--------+
|
|--------+
|
one of 9-16 11 or 12 --------+
|
|
|--------+ |
one of 9-16 13 or 14 --------+
| |
|
|--------+ |
|
3 or 4
3 or 4 --------+
| |
|--------+
one of 5-8 7 or 8
--------+
|
|--------+ |
one of 9-16 9 or 10 --------+
| |
|--------+
one of 9-16 15 or 16 --------+
|
|--------+
2
2 --------+
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.8 World Team Tennis
World Team Tennis is a concept, devised by Billie Jean King, which came
to
fruition in the 1970's and has recently made somewhat of a comeback.
World
Team Tennis was at it's peak in the mid 1970's, with the likes of Evert,
Connors, and Borg among its ranks. The concept gradually died
for various
reasons in the late 70's but has been revised in a scaled-down form.
The basic Team Tennis concept is as follows: The Team Tennis franchise
is
similar to US baseball and football, where teams based in various US
cities
compete against one another. Unlike baseball and football, team
members get
paid based on their performance rather than a fixed amount. Bonuses
are also
awarded to playoff teams and to the award winners (Most Valuable Player,
Rookie of the Year, Coach of the Year). In 1995, a rookie could
earn up to
$57,500 while a returning player could earn up to $53,500. Teams
consist
of two male and two female players plus a coach. Each team usually
has one
local player of each gender who serves as an alternate at home matches.
There are two five-team divisions. Teams play two teams in the
other
division only once while playing home and away against the other seven
teams, over a 4-week period following Wimbledon. The division winners,
two
wild card teams (teams having the best records among the remainder),
and the
Championship weekend host team square off in single-elimination playoffs
at
the end of this period. The champion for the season is the team
surviving the
single-elimination playoff tournament.
A Team Tennis match consists of five sets: one set each of men's and
women's
singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The order
of match
play is doubles-singles-doubles-singles-doubles, with the coach of
the host
team determining the exact order of sets (e.g., women's doubles first).
Prior
to each set, a certain amount of time is allowed for player warmups.
A change
of sides occurs every fourth game after a set starts, rather than every
odd
game played. The scoring is "no-ad," meaning that 40-40 is a
"game point"
instead of deuce. If the set score reaches 5-5, a 9-point tie-break
is played
(first to 5 points with an advantage of only 1 point required) to determine
the winner of the set. Match score is determined by total games
won by a
team, not by how many sets are won.
At the close of the match, the team leading in games won must win the
last
game played to win the match. Otherwise, fifth-set play continues
until this
happens or until each team is equal in number of games won. In
the latter
case, a 13-point super tie-break is then played to determine the match
winner.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.9 Common Pro Tennis Acronyms
The following are some of the acronyms you may see in a discussion of
pro
tennis and their meanings:
ATP - ATP Tour, the men's professional
tennis organization.
The ATP Tour includes tour events outside of the Grand
Slam events, Grand Slam Cup, and Davis Cup. Mark Miles
is the current CEO of the ATP Tour.
WTA - COREL WTA TOUR, the women's professional
tennis
organization. The COREL WTA TOUR includes Grand Slam
events and the Fed Cup. Ric Clarson is the current
Chief Executive Officer of this body, succeeding
Anne Person Worcester in early 1998.
WTC - Women's Tennis Council - A board
comprised of executive
types from the WTA (4), directors of women's tournaments
(4), and the ITF (see below - 2), that carries a lot of
weight in the organization and politics of women's tennis.
There is no equivalent in the men's game (although there
used to be). As of 1995, the WTC was renamed as the
WTA TOUR Council.
ITF - International Tennis Federation
- the body that oversees
the Grand Slams, Grand Slam Cup, Davis & Federation Cup,
and the Olympics.
IMG - International Management Group
- one of the large Sports
Management agencies that manage the affairs of a large
number of tennis players and run some of the pro tournament
events. Advantage International and ProServ are the other
main Agencies with tennis playing clients, although there
are also a number of smaller agencies.
USPTA - United States Professional Tennis Association.
USPTR - United States Professional Tennis Registry.
USRSA - United States Racquet Stringers Association.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
===============================================================================
-A1- The following individuals contributed to this FAQ or provided
significant information used in compiling
portions of the FAQ:
Christopher Smith
Shun Cheung
Natasha Austria
Vijay Baliga
Roberto Barros
Clark Coleman
Arijit Das
Mike Horgan
Srinivasamurthy Kasibhotla
Larry Larson
Jimmy Lim
Charles Lin
Mei-Ling Liu
David Poyourow
Glenn Stein
Dan Simoes
Howard Zivotofsky
Albert Murdiono
Alan Vinh
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DISCLAIMER
This FAQ is intended solely for the private use of individuals
and may be
distributed on a non-profit basis. The authors request
that the FAQ be
distributed in its entirety.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (3/6) - Player
Information
Archive-name: sports/tennis-faq/player-info
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 3 of 6
Player Information
File Item Title
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3 3.1
Grand Slam Winners . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Grand Slam Event Winners - Open Era . . . . . .
3.3 Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won . . . .
3.4 Players - Career Singles Titles . . . . . . . .
3.5 Head-to-Head Records . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
3.6 Player and Fan Club Information . . . . . . . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Grand Slam Winners
The highest achievement in professional tennis
is winning the Grand
Slam, which means winning all four major titles,
the Australian Open,
the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open,
in the same calendar
year. Therefore, those four tournaments
are also called the Grand
Slam events.
Following are Grand Slam winners and the year(s)
they won the Grand
Slam:
Budge
1938
Connolly 1953
Laver
1962
Court 1970
"
1969
Graf 1988 *
* Graf won a "Golden Slam" -- The Grand Slam plus the 1988
Olympic
Gold Medal.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2
Grand Slam Event Winners in the Open Era
Note: During the late seventies through 1985, the Australian
Open was
held in the month of December.
The Australian Open was held in
January starting in 1987
and was not held in 1986.
Men
(Jan.)
(Dec.)
Australian
French Wimblebon
US Open Australian
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 Korda
1997 Sampras
Kuerten Sampras
Rafter
1996 Becker
Kafelnikov Krajicek Sampras
1995 Agassi
Muster Sampras
Sampras
1994 Sampras
Bruguera Sampras
Agassi
1993 Courier
Bruguera Sampras
Sampras
1992 Courier
Courier Agassi
Edberg
1991 Becker
Courier Stich
Edberg
1990 Lendl
Gomez Edberg
Sampras
1989 Lendl
Chang Becker
Becker
1988 Wilander
Wilander Edberg
Wilander
1987 Edberg
Lendl Cash
Lendl
1986
Lendl Becker
Lendl
1985
Wilander Becker
Lendl Edberg
1984
Lendl McEnroe
McEnroe Wilander
1983
Noah McEnroe
Connors Wilander
1982
Wilander Connors
Connors Kriek
1981
Borg McEnroe
McEnroe Kriek
1980
Borg Borg
McEnroe Teacher
1979
Borg Borg
McEnroe Vilas
1978
Borg Borg
Connors Vilas
1977 Gerulaitis Vilas
Borg Vilas
Tanner
1976 Edmondson Panatta
Borg Connors
1975 Newcombe
Borg Ashe
Orantes
1974 Connors
Borg Connors
Connors
1973 Newcombe
Nastase Kodes
Newcombe
1972 Rosewall
Gimeno Smith
Nastase
1971 Rosewall
Kodes Newcombe
Smith
1970 Ashe
Kodes Newcombe
Rosewall
1969 Laver
Laver Laver
Laver / Smith **
1968 B Bowrey
Rosewall Laver
Ashe / Ashe **
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Women
(Jan.)
(Dec.)
Australian
French Wimblebon
US Open Australian
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 Hingis
1997 Hingis
Majoli Hingis
Hingis
1996 Seles
Graf Graf
Graf
1995 Pierce
Graf Graf
Graf
1994 Graf
Sanchez V. Martinez Sanchez
V.
1993 Seles
Graf Graf
Graf
1992 Seles
Seles Graf
Seles
1991 Seles
Seles Graf
Seles
1990 Graf
Seles Navratilova
Sabatini
1989 Graf
Sanchez V. Graf
Graf
1988 Graf
Graf Graf
Graf
1987 Mandlikova Graf
Navratilova Navratilova
1986
Evert Navratilova
Navratilova
1985
Evert Navratilova
Mandlikova Navratilova
1984
Navratilova Navratilova Navratilova
Evert
1983
Evert Navratilova
Navratilova Navratilova
1982
Navratilova Navratilova Evert
Evert
1981
Mandlikova Evert
Austin Navratilova
1980
Evert Goolagong
Evert Mandlikova
1979
Evert Navratilova
Austin B Jordan
1978
Ruzici Navratilova
Evert C O'Neil
1977 Goolagong Jausovec
Wade Evert
Melville-Reid
1976 Goolagong S Barker
Evert Evert
1975 Goolagong Evert
King Evert
1974 Goolagong Evert
Evert King
1973 Court
Court King
Court
1972 Wade
King King
King
1971 Court
Goolagong Goolagong King
1970 Court
Court Court
Court
1969 Court
Court A Jones
Court / Court **
1968 King
Richey King
Wade / King **
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
** US Open had Amateur and Pro tournaments in 1968 and
1969.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.3 Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won (Players playing in Open Era)
1. Emerson
12 * 1. Court
24
2. Laver
11 2. Graf
21
Borg
11 3. Navratilova
18
4. Sampras
10
Evert 18
5. Rosewall
8 5. King
12
Connors
8 6. Seles
9
Lendl
8 7. Goolagong
7
8. Newcombe
7 8. Mandlikova
4
McEnroe
7
Hingis 4
Wilander
7 10. Sanchez Vicario
3
Wade
3
* Didn't win any GS titles in the Open Era.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.4 Players with Highest Number of Career Singles Titles (Open Era)
1. Martina Navratilova 167
1. Jimmy Connors 109
2. Chris Evert
157 2. Ivan Lendl
94
3. Steffi Graf
103 3. John McEnroe
77
4. Evonne Goolagong
88 4. Bjorn Borg
62
5. Margaret Court
79 Guillermo Vilas
62
6. Billie Jean King
67 6. Ilie Nastase
57
7. Virginia Wade
55 7. Pete Sampras
52
8. Monica Seles
41 8. Boris Becker
49
9. Helga Masthoff
37 9. Rod Laver
47
10. Olga Morozova
31 10. Thomas Muster
44
Conchita Martinez
31
Andre Agassi
36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.5 Head-to-head win-loss records of selected top players
The head-to-head tables for current players is no longer maintained.
A more selective record of top players' head-to-heads will be
posted
in the future.
Other Notable Match-Ups:
Navratilova-Evert 43-37
Lendl-Connors 23-13
Navratilova-Shriver 37-3
Lendl-McEnroe 20-15
Navratilova-Graf 9-9
Borg-McEnroe 7-7
Navratilova-Sabatini 15-6
Lendl-Edberg 13-14
Seles-Navratilova 10-7
Lendl-Becker 11-10
Martinez-Navratilova 4-1
Becker-Edberg 25-10
Graf-Sabatini 29-11
Seles-Sabatini 12-3
Head-to-head records include regular tournaments, Davis Cup,
the World
Team Cup, etc., but not exhibitions and the Grand Slam Cup.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.6 Player and Fan Club Information
Most players can be written to in care of the agencies that represent
them.
Addresses of the major agencies are provided immendiately below.
For many
players in the subsequent list, the agency representing the player
is shown.
In most cases, the web sites listed in this section are unofficial
player
information sites. They are listed as a convenience for those
who may
wish to find news, statistics, and/or photos of a particular player.
---------------------------------------------------------
Major Agencies: International Management Group (IMG)
One Erieview Plaza
Suite 1300
Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
Tel. 216-522-1200
Advantage International (Advantage)
1751 Pinnacle Drive, Suite 1500
McLean, VA 22102, USA
Tel. 703-905-3300
ProServ
1101 Wilson Blvd.
Suite 1300
Tel. Arlington, VA 22209, USA
AMI Promanagement (AMI)
370 Felter Ave.
Hewlett, NY 11557, USA
Tel. 516-569-8922
---------------------------------------------------------
Players:
ANDRE AGASSI - IMG
http://www.superstars.com/andreagassi/index.html
http://www.ids.net/~mattg/agassi/agassi.html
KARIM ALAMI - Advantage
SABINE APPELMANS - Advantage
http://www.ping.be/~ping0200/sabine.html
http://www.xs4all.be/~kghysens
YAYUK BASUKI
http://www.perspektif.net/yayuk
http://www.cam.org/~etoombs/yayuk.html
BORIS BECKER
http://freeweb.aspide.it/free/borisbecker
http://www.ids.net/~japolin/boris.html
ALBERTO BERASATEGUI - Proserv
JONAS BJORKMAN - Advantage
ARNAUD BOETSCH - IMG
SERGI BRUGUERA - IMG
JENNIFER CAPRIATI
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/medschool/students/gstein/Capriati
MICHAEL CHANG - Advantage
http://www.mchang.com (Official)
http://alcor.concordia.ca/~ct_chan/mchang.html
http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/8319/mc.html
AMANDA COETZER - ProServ
http://web.idirect.com/~coetzer
http://www.wu-wien.ac.at/usr/h89/h8924465
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/4504
ALEX CORRETJA
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Bleachers/8686/alex_home.html
ALBERT COSTA - Advantage
JIM COURIER - IMG
http://members.aol.com/ARegas/index.htm
KIMIKO DATE
http://www.twics.com/~finlandh/date/kimiko.htm
http://www.goldwin.co.jp/atlanta/date/index.html
http://tsk-www.ss.titech.ac.jp/~shino/Kimiko/kimikoHP.html
LINDSAY DAVENPORT - IMG
http://www.angelfire.com/ca/lindsaydavenport/index.html
RUXANDRA DRAGOMIR - AMI
STEFAN EDBERG - ProServ
THOMAS ENQVIST - IMG
http://www.mygale.org/10/enqvist/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Field/4509
MARY JOE FERNANDEZ - IMG
http://www.stack.urc.tue.nl/~wil/mary-joe.html
WAYNE FERREIRA - IMG
http://homepage.esoterica.pt/~edias/wferreira
AMY FRAZIER - Advantage
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/medschool/students/gstein/Frazier
ANDREA GAUDENZI - AMI
INES GORROCHATEGUI
http://www.epix.net/~bknizer/ines.html
STEFFI GRAF
Steffi Graf International Supporters' Club
--
Jackie Tanner, 12108 Stoney Spur, San Antonio, TX
78247-3439, USA
(e-mail: 73753.2571@CompuServe.COM)
Chris Skelton, 308-2077 Prospect St, Burlington, Ontario
L7R 1Z4, Canada
(e-mail: cskelton@hookup.net)
http://www.hookup.net/~cskelton
http://www.octonet.com/~jo
http://www.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/internet/sport/tennis/graf.html
PAUL HAARHUIS - Advantage
TIM HENMAN - IMG
http://www.advantage-tennis.com/henman/memdet.htm
MARTINA HINGIS - IMG
http://www.hingis.ch
http://www.stack.urc.tue.nl/~geertt/martina.html
http://www2.active.ch/~markus/martina.html
http://falcon.cc.ukans.edu/~ransari/martina.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Metro/5190/index2.html
RIKA HIRAKI
http://www2b.meshnet.or.jp/~deuceit
ANKE HUBER
http://www.pncl.co.uk/~a.huber/index.html
http://www.calvin.edu/~tslage78
http://student.uq.edu.au/~s335129/huber/huber.html
GORAN IVANISEVIC
http://www.waterw.com/~sbhakta/goran.htm
LUKE & MURPHY JENSEN - ProServ
YEVGENY KAFELNIKOV - IMG
JANA KANDARR - IMG
http://www.tref.nl/1378/sport/jana1.htm
PETR KORDA - ProServ
http://www.eccentrica.com/user/petro/korda.html
ANNA KOURNIKOVA - IMG
http://www.healey.com.au/~bgrosman/anna
RICHARD KRAJICEK - Advantage
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Sideline/2958
GUSTAVO KUERTEN
http://www.virtuacomm.com/gugakuerten
FLORENCIA LABAT
http://members.tripod.com/~Chris_G/index.html
MAGNUS LARSSON
http://members.aol.com/cowiedd/larsson.html
MIRJANA LUCIC
http://www.lucic.com
http://209.75.40.56
IVA MAJOLI - IMG
http://srcm1.zems.fer.hr/~majoli
MAGDALENA MALEEVA - Advantage
http://www2.minn.net/gmoney
http://www.angelfire.com/ga/magmal/index.html
TODD MARTIN - Advantage
CONCHITA MARTINEZ - Advantage
http://ogyalla.konkoly.hu/staff/zsoldos/Conchita/home.html
LORI MCNEIL - IMG
RACHEL MCQUILLAN
http://home.t-online.de/home/Frank.Freitag/index.html
CARLOS MOYA
http://www.laredcafe.com/jasm/moya.html
THOMAS MUSTER - AMI
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/9644/muster.html
http://www3.sympatico.ca/laflamme3/Muster.htm
MARTINA NAVRATILOVA - IMG
JANA NOVOTNA - Advantage
http://www.waterw.com/~sbhakta/novotna.htm
LEANDER PAES
http://www.its.uci.edu/~jaykay/leander.html
BARBARA PAULUS - IMG
MARK PHILIPPOUSSIS - Advantage
http://www.primenet.com/~zed/mp/mp.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/9519/MP.html
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/LeftBank/3279/MARK.HTML
MARY PIERCE - IMG :
http://www.alphalink.com.au/~benatar/pierce.htm
DAVID PRINOSIL
http://www.geocities.com/colosseum/sideline/2158
PATRICK RAFTER - IMG:
http://www.ntplx.net/~radagast/rafter
LISA RAYMOND - Advantage
MARCELO RIOS - IMG :
http://www.entelchile.net/mrios
http://www.marcelorios.cl
http://cec.uchile.cl/~irivera/chino.html
http://www.cmet.net/mrios.htm
MARC ROSSET - IMG
CHANDA RUBIN - Advantage :
http://www.satchmo.com/nolavl/chanda.html
GREG RUSEDSKI
http://www.csv.warwick.ac.uk/~mauds/greg.html
GABRIELA SABATINI - ProServ:
http://www.satlink.com/sabatini
http://www.louisville.edu/~jsjuno01/gaby.html
PETE SAMPRAS - IMG:
http://www.sportsline.com/u/sampras (Official)
http://www.australia.net.au/~gumby/index.htm
ARANTXA SANCHEZ VICARIO - IMG
http://members.tripod.com/~CMSTRONG/index.html
PATTY SCHNYDER
http://www.sportpromotion.ch/pattyonline
MONICA SELES - IMG:
http://www.primenet.com/~zed/seles/seles.html
http://users.aol.com/Rostco/monica/monica.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/7491/index.html
ANNE-GAELLE SIDOT
http://depinfo.u-bourgogne.fr:80/~panne/agsidot
VINCE SPADEA - IMG
BRETT STEVEN
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Sideline/9274/steven.htm
JASON STOLTENBERG - Advantage
KATARINA STUDENIKOVA - AMI
AI SUGIYAMA :
http://www.opel.co.jp/AI/Aihome.html
http://www.goldwin.co.jp/atlanta/sugiyama/index.html
TAMARINE TANASUGARN
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Loge/8390
GUILLERMO VILAS
http://www.overnet.com.ar/Users/vilas.html
MALIVAI WASHINGTON - ProServ
http://maltennis.com/Found.html
DAVID WHEATON - IMG
JUDITH WIESNER - Advantage
VENUS WILLIAMS
http://surf.to/venuswilliams
TOOD WOODBRIDGE
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/7298
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (3/6) - Player
Information
Archive-name: sports/tennis-faq/player-info
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 3 of 6
Player Information
File Item Title
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3 3.1
Grand Slam Winners . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Grand Slam Event Winners - Open Era . . . . . .
3.3 Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won . . . .
3.4 Players - Career Singles Titles . . . . . . . .
3.5 Head-to-Head Records . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
3.6 Player and Fan Club Information . . . . . . . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Grand Slam Winners
The highest achievement in professional tennis
is winning the Grand
Slam, which means winning all four major titles,
the Australian Open,
the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open,
in the same calendar
year. Therefore, those four tournaments
are also called the Grand
Slam events.
Following are Grand Slam winners and the year(s)
they won the Grand
Slam:
Budge
1938
Connolly 1953
Laver
1962
Court 1970
"
1969
Graf 1988 *
* Graf won a "Golden Slam" -- The Grand Slam plus the 1988
Olympic
Gold Medal.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2
Grand Slam Event Winners in the Open Era
Note: During the late seventies through 1985, the Australian
Open was
held in the month of December.
The Australian Open was held in
January starting in 1987
and was not held in 1986.
Men
(Jan.)
(Dec.)
Australian
French Wimblebon
US Open Australian
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 Korda
1997 Sampras
Kuerten Sampras
Rafter
1996 Becker
Kafelnikov Krajicek Sampras
1995 Agassi
Muster Sampras
Sampras
1994 Sampras
Bruguera Sampras
Agassi
1993 Courier
Bruguera Sampras
Sampras
1992 Courier
Courier Agassi
Edberg
1991 Becker
Courier Stich
Edberg
1990 Lendl
Gomez Edberg
Sampras
1989 Lendl
Chang Becker
Becker
1988 Wilander
Wilander Edberg
Wilander
1987 Edberg
Lendl Cash
Lendl
1986
Lendl Becker
Lendl
1985
Wilander Becker
Lendl Edberg
1984
Lendl McEnroe
McEnroe Wilander
1983
Noah McEnroe
Connors Wilander
1982
Wilander Connors
Connors Kriek
1981
Borg McEnroe
McEnroe Kriek
1980
Borg Borg
McEnroe Teacher
1979
Borg Borg
McEnroe Vilas
1978
Borg Borg
Connors Vilas
1977 Gerulaitis Vilas
Borg Vilas
Tanner
1976 Edmondson Panatta
Borg Connors
1975 Newcombe
Borg Ashe
Orantes
1974 Connors
Borg Connors
Connors
1973 Newcombe
Nastase Kodes
Newcombe
1972 Rosewall
Gimeno Smith
Nastase
1971 Rosewall
Kodes Newcombe
Smith
1970 Ashe
Kodes Newcombe
Rosewall
1969 Laver
Laver Laver
Laver / Smith **
1968 B Bowrey
Rosewall Laver
Ashe / Ashe **
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Women
(Jan.)
(Dec.)
Australian
French Wimblebon
US Open Australian
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 Hingis
1997 Hingis
Majoli Hingis
Hingis
1996 Seles
Graf Graf
Graf
1995 Pierce
Graf Graf
Graf
1994 Graf
Sanchez V. Martinez Sanchez
V.
1993 Seles
Graf Graf
Graf
1992 Seles
Seles Graf
Seles
1991 Seles
Seles Graf
Seles
1990 Graf
Seles Navratilova
Sabatini
1989 Graf
Sanchez V. Graf
Graf
1988 Graf
Graf Graf
Graf
1987 Mandlikova Graf
Navratilova Navratilova
1986
Evert Navratilova
Navratilova
1985
Evert Navratilova
Mandlikova Navratilova
1984
Navratilova Navratilova Navratilova
Evert
1983
Evert Navratilova
Navratilova Navratilova
1982
Navratilova Navratilova Evert
Evert
1981
Mandlikova Evert
Austin Navratilova
1980
Evert Goolagong
Evert Mandlikova
1979
Evert Navratilova
Austin B Jordan
1978
Ruzici Navratilova
Evert C O'Neil
1977 Goolagong Jausovec
Wade Evert
Melville-Reid
1976 Goolagong S Barker
Evert Evert
1975 Goolagong Evert
King Evert
1974 Goolagong Evert
Evert King
1973 Court
Court King
Court
1972 Wade
King King
King
1971 Court
Goolagong Goolagong King
1970 Court
Court Court
Court
1969 Court
Court A Jones
Court / Court **
1968 King
Richey King
Wade / King **
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
** US Open had Amateur and Pro tournaments in 1968 and
1969.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.3 Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won (Players playing in Open Era)
1. Emerson
12 * 1. Court
24
2. Laver
11 2. Graf
21
Borg
11 3. Navratilova
18
4. Sampras
10
Evert 18
5. Rosewall
8 5. King
12
Connors
8 6. Seles
9
Lendl
8 7. Goolagong
7
8. Newcombe
7 8. Mandlikova
4
McEnroe
7
Hingis 4
Wilander
7 10. Sanchez Vicario
3
Wade
3
* Didn't win any GS titles in the Open Era.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.4 Players with Highest Number of Career Singles Titles (Open Era)
1. Martina Navratilova 167
1. Jimmy Connors 109
2. Chris Evert
157 2. Ivan Lendl
94
3. Steffi Graf
103 3. John McEnroe
77
4. Evonne Goolagong
88 4. Bjorn Borg
62
5. Margaret Court
79 Guillermo Vilas
62
6. Billie Jean King
67 6. Ilie Nastase
57
7. Virginia Wade
55 7. Pete Sampras
52
8. Monica Seles
41 8. Boris Becker
49
9. Helga Masthoff
37 9. Rod Laver
47
10. Olga Morozova
31 10. Thomas Muster
44
Conchita Martinez
31
Andre Agassi
36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.5 Head-to-head win-loss records of selected top players
The head-to-head tables for current players is no longer maintained.
A more selective record of top players' head-to-heads will be
posted
in the future.
Other Notable Match-Ups:
Navratilova-Evert 43-37
Lendl-Connors 23-13
Navratilova-Shriver 37-3
Lendl-McEnroe 20-15
Navratilova-Graf 9-9
Borg-McEnroe 7-7
Navratilova-Sabatini 15-6
Lendl-Edberg 13-14
Seles-Navratilova 10-7
Lendl-Becker 11-10
Martinez-Navratilova 4-1
Becker-Edberg 25-10
Graf-Sabatini 29-11
Seles-Sabatini 12-3
Head-to-head records include regular tournaments, Davis Cup,
the World
Team Cup, etc., but not exhibitions and the Grand Slam Cup.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.6 Player and Fan Club Information
Most players can be written to in care of the agencies that represent
them.
Addresses of the major agencies are provided immendiately below.
For many
players in the subsequent list, the agency representing the player
is shown.
In most cases, the web sites listed in this section are unofficial
player
information sites. They are listed as a convenience for those
who may
wish to find news, statistics, and/or photos of a particular player.
---------------------------------------------------------
Major Agencies: International Management Group (IMG)
One Erieview Plaza
Suite 1300
Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
Tel. 216-522-1200
Advantage International (Advantage)
1751 Pinnacle Drive, Suite 1500
McLean, VA 22102, USA
Tel. 703-905-3300
ProServ
1101 Wilson Blvd.
Suite 1300
Tel. Arlington, VA 22209, USA
AMI Promanagement (AMI)
370 Felter Ave.
Hewlett, NY 11557, USA
Tel. 516-569-8922
---------------------------------------------------------
Players:
ANDRE AGASSI - IMG
http://www.superstars.com/andreagassi/index.html
http://www.ids.net/~mattg/agassi/agassi.html
KARIM ALAMI - Advantage
SABINE APPELMANS - Advantage
http://www.ping.be/~ping0200/sabine.html
http://www.xs4all.be/~kghysens
YAYUK BASUKI
http://www.perspektif.net/yayuk
http://www.cam.org/~etoombs/yayuk.html
BORIS BECKER
http://freeweb.aspide.it/free/borisbecker
http://www.ids.net/~japolin/boris.html
ALBERTO BERASATEGUI - Proserv
JONAS BJORKMAN - Advantage
ARNAUD BOETSCH - IMG
SERGI BRUGUERA - IMG
JENNIFER CAPRIATI
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/medschool/students/gstein/Capriati
MICHAEL CHANG - Advantage
http://www.mchang.com (Official)
http://alcor.concordia.ca/~ct_chan/mchang.html
http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/8319/mc.html
AMANDA COETZER - ProServ
http://web.idirect.com/~coetzer
http://www.wu-wien.ac.at/usr/h89/h8924465
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/4504
ALEX CORRETJA
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Bleachers/8686/alex_home.html
ALBERT COSTA - Advantage
JIM COURIER - IMG
http://members.aol.com/ARegas/index.htm
KIMIKO DATE
http://www.twics.com/~finlandh/date/kimiko.htm
http://www.goldwin.co.jp/atlanta/date/index.html
http://tsk-www.ss.titech.ac.jp/~shino/Kimiko/kimikoHP.html
LINDSAY DAVENPORT - IMG
http://www.angelfire.com/ca/lindsaydavenport/index.html
RUXANDRA DRAGOMIR - AMI
STEFAN EDBERG - ProServ
THOMAS ENQVIST - IMG
http://www.mygale.org/10/enqvist/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Field/4509
MARY JOE FERNANDEZ - IMG
http://www.stack.urc.tue.nl/~wil/mary-joe.html
WAYNE FERREIRA - IMG
http://homepage.esoterica.pt/~edias/wferreira
AMY FRAZIER - Advantage
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/medschool/students/gstein/Frazier
ANDREA GAUDENZI - AMI
INES GORROCHATEGUI
http://www.epix.net/~bknizer/ines.html
STEFFI GRAF
Steffi Graf International Supporters' Club
--
Jackie Tanner, 12108 Stoney Spur, San Antonio, TX
78247-3439, USA
(e-mail: 73753.2571@CompuServe.COM)
Chris Skelton, 308-2077 Prospect St, Burlington, Ontario
L7R 1Z4, Canada
(e-mail: cskelton@hookup.net)
http://www.hookup.net/~cskelton
http://www.octonet.com/~jo
http://www.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/internet/sport/tennis/graf.html
PAUL HAARHUIS - Advantage
TIM HENMAN - IMG
http://www.advantage-tennis.com/henman/memdet.htm
MARTINA HINGIS - IMG
http://www.hingis.ch
http://www.stack.urc.tue.nl/~geertt/martina.html
http://www2.active.ch/~markus/martina.html
http://falcon.cc.ukans.edu/~ransari/martina.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Metro/5190/index2.html
RIKA HIRAKI
http://www2b.meshnet.or.jp/~deuceit
ANKE HUBER
http://www.pncl.co.uk/~a.huber/index.html
http://www.calvin.edu/~tslage78
http://student.uq.edu.au/~s335129/huber/huber.html
GORAN IVANISEVIC
http://www.waterw.com/~sbhakta/goran.htm
LUKE & MURPHY JENSEN - ProServ
YEVGENY KAFELNIKOV - IMG
JANA KANDARR - IMG
http://www.tref.nl/1378/sport/jana1.htm
PETR KORDA - ProServ
http://www.eccentrica.com/user/petro/korda.html
ANNA KOURNIKOVA - IMG
http://www.healey.com.au/~bgrosman/anna
RICHARD KRAJICEK - Advantage
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Sideline/2958
GUSTAVO KUERTEN
http://www.virtuacomm.com/gugakuerten
FLORENCIA LABAT
http://members.tripod.com/~Chris_G/index.html
MAGNUS LARSSON
http://members.aol.com/cowiedd/larsson.html
MIRJANA LUCIC
http://www.lucic.com
http://209.75.40.56
IVA MAJOLI - IMG
http://srcm1.zems.fer.hr/~majoli
MAGDALENA MALEEVA - Advantage
http://www2.minn.net/gmoney
http://www.angelfire.com/ga/magmal/index.html
TODD MARTIN - Advantage
CONCHITA MARTINEZ - Advantage
http://ogyalla.konkoly.hu/staff/zsoldos/Conchita/home.html
LORI MCNEIL - IMG
RACHEL MCQUILLAN
http://home.t-online.de/home/Frank.Freitag/index.html
CARLOS MOYA
http://www.laredcafe.com/jasm/moya.html
THOMAS MUSTER - AMI
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/9644/muster.html
http://www3.sympatico.ca/laflamme3/Muster.htm
MARTINA NAVRATILOVA - IMG
JANA NOVOTNA - Advantage
http://www.waterw.com/~sbhakta/novotna.htm
LEANDER PAES
http://www.its.uci.edu/~jaykay/leander.html
BARBARA PAULUS - IMG
MARK PHILIPPOUSSIS - Advantage
http://www.primenet.com/~zed/mp/mp.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/9519/MP.html
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/LeftBank/3279/MARK.HTML
MARY PIERCE - IMG :
http://www.alphalink.com.au/~benatar/pierce.htm
DAVID PRINOSIL
http://www.geocities.com/colosseum/sideline/2158
PATRICK RAFTER - IMG:
http://www.ntplx.net/~radagast/rafter
LISA RAYMOND - Advantage
MARCELO RIOS - IMG :
http://www.entelchile.net/mrios
http://www.marcelorios.cl
http://cec.uchile.cl/~irivera/chino.html
http://www.cmet.net/mrios.htm
MARC ROSSET - IMG
CHANDA RUBIN - Advantage :
http://www.satchmo.com/nolavl/chanda.html
GREG RUSEDSKI
http://www.csv.warwick.ac.uk/~mauds/greg.html
GABRIELA SABATINI - ProServ:
http://www.satlink.com/sabatini
http://www.louisville.edu/~jsjuno01/gaby.html
PETE SAMPRAS - IMG:
http://www.sportsline.com/u/sampras (Official)
http://www.australia.net.au/~gumby/index.htm
ARANTXA SANCHEZ VICARIO - IMG
http://members.tripod.com/~CMSTRONG/index.html
PATTY SCHNYDER
http://www.sportpromotion.ch/pattyonline
MONICA SELES - IMG:
http://www.primenet.com/~zed/seles/seles.html
http://users.aol.com/Rostco/monica/monica.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/7491/index.html
ANNE-GAELLE SIDOT
http://depinfo.u-bourgogne.fr:80/~panne/agsidot
VINCE SPADEA - IMG
BRETT STEVEN
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Sideline/9274/steven.htm
JASON STOLTENBERG - Advantage
KATARINA STUDENIKOVA - AMI
AI SUGIYAMA :
http://www.opel.co.jp/AI/Aihome.html
http://www.goldwin.co.jp/atlanta/sugiyama/index.html
TAMARINE TANASUGARN
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Loge/8390
GUILLERMO VILAS
http://www.overnet.com.ar/Users/vilas.html
MALIVAI WASHINGTON - ProServ
http://maltennis.com/Found.html
DAVID WHEATON - IMG
JUDITH WIESNER - Advantage
VENUS WILLIAMS
http://surf.to/venuswilliams
TOOD WOODBRIDGE
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/7298
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (3/6) - Player
Information
Archive-name: sports/tennis-faq/player-info
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 3 of 6
Player Information
File Item Title
---------------------------------------------------------------------
3 3.1
Grand Slam Winners . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Grand Slam Event Winners - Open Era . . . . . .
3.3 Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won . . . .
3.4 Players - Career Singles Titles . . . . . . . .
3.5 Head-to-Head Records . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
3.6 Player and Fan Club Information . . . . . . . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Grand Slam Winners
The highest achievement in professional tennis
is winning the Grand
Slam, which means winning all four major titles,
the Australian Open,
the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open,
in the same calendar
year. Therefore, those four tournaments
are also called the Grand
Slam events.
Following are Grand Slam winners and the year(s)
they won the Grand
Slam:
Budge
1938
Connolly 1953
Laver
1962
Court 1970
"
1969
Graf 1988 *
* Graf won a "Golden Slam" -- The Grand Slam plus the 1988
Olympic
Gold Medal.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2
Grand Slam Event Winners in the Open Era
Note: During the late seventies through 1985, the Australian
Open was
held in the month of December.
The Australian Open was held in
January starting in 1987
and was not held in 1986.
Men
(Jan.)
(Dec.)
Australian
French Wimblebon
US Open Australian
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 Korda
1997 Sampras
Kuerten Sampras
Rafter
1996 Becker
Kafelnikov Krajicek Sampras
1995 Agassi
Muster Sampras
Sampras
1994 Sampras
Bruguera Sampras
Agassi
1993 Courier
Bruguera Sampras
Sampras
1992 Courier
Courier Agassi
Edberg
1991 Becker
Courier Stich
Edberg
1990 Lendl
Gomez Edberg
Sampras
1989 Lendl
Chang Becker
Becker
1988 Wilander
Wilander Edberg
Wilander
1987 Edberg
Lendl Cash
Lendl
1986
Lendl Becker
Lendl
1985
Wilander Becker
Lendl Edberg
1984
Lendl McEnroe
McEnroe Wilander
1983
Noah McEnroe
Connors Wilander
1982
Wilander Connors
Connors Kriek
1981
Borg McEnroe
McEnroe Kriek
1980
Borg Borg
McEnroe Teacher
1979
Borg Borg
McEnroe Vilas
1978
Borg Borg
Connors Vilas
1977 Gerulaitis Vilas
Borg Vilas
Tanner
1976 Edmondson Panatta
Borg Connors
1975 Newcombe
Borg Ashe
Orantes
1974 Connors
Borg Connors
Connors
1973 Newcombe
Nastase Kodes
Newcombe
1972 Rosewall
Gimeno Smith
Nastase
1971 Rosewall
Kodes Newcombe
Smith
1970 Ashe
Kodes Newcombe
Rosewall
1969 Laver
Laver Laver
Laver / Smith **
1968 B Bowrey
Rosewall Laver
Ashe / Ashe **
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Women
(Jan.)
(Dec.)
Australian
French Wimblebon
US Open Australian
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 Hingis
1997 Hingis
Majoli Hingis
Hingis
1996 Seles
Graf Graf
Graf
1995 Pierce
Graf Graf
Graf
1994 Graf
Sanchez V. Martinez Sanchez
V.
1993 Seles
Graf Graf
Graf
1992 Seles
Seles Graf
Seles
1991 Seles
Seles Graf
Seles
1990 Graf
Seles Navratilova
Sabatini
1989 Graf
Sanchez V. Graf
Graf
1988 Graf
Graf Graf
Graf
1987 Mandlikova Graf
Navratilova Navratilova
1986
Evert Navratilova
Navratilova
1985
Evert Navratilova
Mandlikova Navratilova
1984
Navratilova Navratilova Navratilova
Evert
1983
Evert Navratilova
Navratilova Navratilova
1982
Navratilova Navratilova Evert
Evert
1981
Mandlikova Evert
Austin Navratilova
1980
Evert Goolagong
Evert Mandlikova
1979
Evert Navratilova
Austin B Jordan
1978
Ruzici Navratilova
Evert C O'Neil
1977 Goolagong Jausovec
Wade Evert
Melville-Reid
1976 Goolagong S Barker
Evert Evert
1975 Goolagong Evert
King Evert
1974 Goolagong Evert
Evert King
1973 Court
Court King
Court
1972 Wade
King King
King
1971 Court
Goolagong Goolagong King
1970 Court
Court Court
Court
1969 Court
Court A Jones
Court / Court **
1968 King
Richey King
Wade / King **
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
** US Open had Amateur and Pro tournaments in 1968 and
1969.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.3 Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won (Players playing in Open Era)
1. Emerson
12 * 1. Court
24
2. Laver
11 2. Graf
21
Borg
11 3. Navratilova
18
4. Sampras
10
Evert 18
5. Rosewall
8 5. King
12
Connors
8 6. Seles
9
Lendl
8 7. Goolagong
7
8. Newcombe
7 8. Mandlikova
4
McEnroe
7
Hingis 4
Wilander
7 10. Sanchez Vicario
3
Wade
3
* Didn't win any GS titles in the Open Era.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.4 Players with Highest Number of Career Singles Titles (Open Era)
1. Martina Navratilova 167
1. Jimmy Connors 109
2. Chris Evert
157 2. Ivan Lendl
94
3. Steffi Graf
103 3. John McEnroe
77
4. Evonne Goolagong
88 4. Bjorn Borg
62
5. Margaret Court
79 Guillermo Vilas
62
6. Billie Jean King
67 6. Ilie Nastase
57
7. Virginia Wade
55 7. Pete Sampras
52
8. Monica Seles
41 8. Boris Becker
49
9. Helga Masthoff
37 9. Rod Laver
47
10. Olga Morozova
31 10. Thomas Muster
44
Conchita Martinez
31
Andre Agassi
36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.5 Head-to-head win-loss records of selected top players
The head-to-head tables for current players is no longer maintained.
A more selective record of top players' head-to-heads will be
posted
in the future.
Other Notable Match-Ups:
Navratilova-Evert 43-37
Lendl-Connors 23-13
Navratilova-Shriver 37-3
Lendl-McEnroe 20-15
Navratilova-Graf 9-9
Borg-McEnroe 7-7
Navratilova-Sabatini 15-6
Lendl-Edberg 13-14
Seles-Navratilova 10-7
Lendl-Becker 11-10
Martinez-Navratilova 4-1
Becker-Edberg 25-10
Graf-Sabatini 29-11
Seles-Sabatini 12-3
Head-to-head records include regular tournaments, Davis Cup,
the World
Team Cup, etc., but not exhibitions and the Grand Slam Cup.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.6 Player and Fan Club Information
Most players can be written to in care of the agencies that represent
them.
Addresses of the major agencies are provided immendiately below.
For many
players in the subsequent list, the agency representing the player
is shown.
In most cases, the web sites listed in this section are unofficial
player
information sites. They are listed as a convenience for those
who may
wish to find news, statistics, and/or photos of a particular player.
---------------------------------------------------------
Major Agencies: International Management Group (IMG)
One Erieview Plaza
Suite 1300
Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
Tel. 216-522-1200
Advantage International (Advantage)
1751 Pinnacle Drive, Suite 1500
McLean, VA 22102, USA
Tel. 703-905-3300
ProServ
1101 Wilson Blvd.
Suite 1300
Tel. Arlington, VA 22209, USA
AMI Promanagement (AMI)
370 Felter Ave.
Hewlett, NY 11557, USA
Tel. 516-569-8922
---------------------------------------------------------
Players:
ANDRE AGASSI - IMG
http://www.superstars.com/andreagassi/index.html
http://www.ids.net/~mattg/agassi/agassi.html
KARIM ALAMI - Advantage
SABINE APPELMANS - Advantage
http://www.ping.be/~ping0200/sabine.html
http://www.xs4all.be/~kghysens
YAYUK BASUKI
http://www.perspektif.net/yayuk
http://www.cam.org/~etoombs/yayuk.html
BORIS BECKER
http://freeweb.aspide.it/free/borisbecker
http://www.ids.net/~japolin/boris.html
ALBERTO BERASATEGUI - Proserv
JONAS BJORKMAN - Advantage
ARNAUD BOETSCH - IMG
SERGI BRUGUERA - IMG
JENNIFER CAPRIATI
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/medschool/students/gstein/Capriati
MICHAEL CHANG - Advantage
http://www.mchang.com (Official)
http://alcor.concordia.ca/~ct_chan/mchang.html
http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/8319/mc.html
AMANDA COETZER - ProServ
http://web.idirect.com/~coetzer
http://www.wu-wien.ac.at/usr/h89/h8924465
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/4504
ALEX CORRETJA
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Bleachers/8686/alex_home.html
ALBERT COSTA - Advantage
JIM COURIER - IMG
http://members.aol.com/ARegas/index.htm
KIMIKO DATE
http://www.twics.com/~finlandh/date/kimiko.htm
http://www.goldwin.co.jp/atlanta/date/index.html
http://tsk-www.ss.titech.ac.jp/~shino/Kimiko/kimikoHP.html
LINDSAY DAVENPORT - IMG
http://www.angelfire.com/ca/lindsaydavenport/index.html
RUXANDRA DRAGOMIR - AMI
STEFAN EDBERG - ProServ
THOMAS ENQVIST - IMG
http://www.mygale.org/10/enqvist/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Field/4509
MARY JOE FERNANDEZ - IMG
http://www.stack.urc.tue.nl/~wil/mary-joe.html
WAYNE FERREIRA - IMG
http://homepage.esoterica.pt/~edias/wferreira
AMY FRAZIER - Advantage
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/medschool/students/gstein/Frazier
ANDREA GAUDENZI - AMI
INES GORROCHATEGUI
http://www.epix.net/~bknizer/ines.html
STEFFI GRAF
Steffi Graf International Supporters' Club
--
Jackie Tanner, 12108 Stoney Spur, San Antonio, TX
78247-3439, USA
(e-mail: 73753.2571@CompuServe.COM)
Chris Skelton, 308-2077 Prospect St, Burlington, Ontario
L7R 1Z4, Canada
(e-mail: cskelton@hookup.net)
http://www.hookup.net/~cskelton
http://www.octonet.com/~jo
http://www.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/internet/sport/tennis/graf.html
PAUL HAARHUIS - Advantage
TIM HENMAN - IMG
http://www.advantage-tennis.com/henman/memdet.htm
MARTINA HINGIS - IMG
http://www.hingis.ch
http://www.stack.urc.tue.nl/~geertt/martina.html
http://www2.active.ch/~markus/martina.html
http://falcon.cc.ukans.edu/~ransari/martina.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Metro/5190/index2.html
RIKA HIRAKI
http://www2b.meshnet.or.jp/~deuceit
ANKE HUBER
http://www.pncl.co.uk/~a.huber/index.html
http://www.calvin.edu/~tslage78
http://student.uq.edu.au/~s335129/huber/huber.html
GORAN IVANISEVIC
http://www.waterw.com/~sbhakta/goran.htm
LUKE & MURPHY JENSEN - ProServ
YEVGENY KAFELNIKOV - IMG
JANA KANDARR - IMG
http://www.tref.nl/1378/sport/jana1.htm
PETR KORDA - ProServ
http://www.eccentrica.com/user/petro/korda.html
ANNA KOURNIKOVA - IMG
http://www.healey.com.au/~bgrosman/anna
RICHARD KRAJICEK - Advantage
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Sideline/2958
GUSTAVO KUERTEN
http://www.virtuacomm.com/gugakuerten
FLORENCIA LABAT
http://members.tripod.com/~Chris_G/index.html
MAGNUS LARSSON
http://members.aol.com/cowiedd/larsson.html
MIRJANA LUCIC
http://www.lucic.com
http://209.75.40.56
IVA MAJOLI - IMG
http://srcm1.zems.fer.hr/~majoli
MAGDALENA MALEEVA - Advantage
http://www2.minn.net/gmoney
http://www.angelfire.com/ga/magmal/index.html
TODD MARTIN - Advantage
CONCHITA MARTINEZ - Advantage
http://ogyalla.konkoly.hu/staff/zsoldos/Conchita/home.html
LORI MCNEIL - IMG
RACHEL MCQUILLAN
http://home.t-online.de/home/Frank.Freitag/index.html
CARLOS MOYA
http://www.laredcafe.com/jasm/moya.html
THOMAS MUSTER - AMI
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/9644/muster.html
http://www3.sympatico.ca/laflamme3/Muster.htm
MARTINA NAVRATILOVA - IMG
JANA NOVOTNA - Advantage
http://www.waterw.com/~sbhakta/novotna.htm
LEANDER PAES
http://www.its.uci.edu/~jaykay/leander.html
BARBARA PAULUS - IMG
MARK PHILIPPOUSSIS - Advantage
http://www.primenet.com/~zed/mp/mp.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/9519/MP.html
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/LeftBank/3279/MARK.HTML
MARY PIERCE - IMG :
http://www.alphalink.com.au/~benatar/pierce.htm
DAVID PRINOSIL
http://www.geocities.com/colosseum/sideline/2158
PATRICK RAFTER - IMG:
http://www.ntplx.net/~radagast/rafter
LISA RAYMOND - Advantage
MARCELO RIOS - IMG :
http://www.entelchile.net/mrios
http://www.marcelorios.cl
http://cec.uchile.cl/~irivera/chino.html
http://www.cmet.net/mrios.htm
MARC ROSSET - IMG
CHANDA RUBIN - Advantage :
http://www.satchmo.com/nolavl/chanda.html
GREG RUSEDSKI
http://www.csv.warwick.ac.uk/~mauds/greg.html
GABRIELA SABATINI - ProServ:
http://www.satlink.com/sabatini
http://www.louisville.edu/~jsjuno01/gaby.html
PETE SAMPRAS - IMG:
http://www.sportsline.com/u/sampras (Official)
http://www.australia.net.au/~gumby/index.htm
ARANTXA SANCHEZ VICARIO - IMG
http://members.tripod.com/~CMSTRONG/index.html
PATTY SCHNYDER
http://www.sportpromotion.ch/pattyonline
MONICA SELES - IMG:
http://www.primenet.com/~zed/seles/seles.html
http://users.aol.com/Rostco/monica/monica.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/7491/index.html
ANNE-GAELLE SIDOT
http://depinfo.u-bourgogne.fr:80/~panne/agsidot
VINCE SPADEA - IMG
BRETT STEVEN
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Sideline/9274/steven.htm
JASON STOLTENBERG - Advantage
KATARINA STUDENIKOVA - AMI
AI SUGIYAMA :
http://www.opel.co.jp/AI/Aihome.html
http://www.goldwin.co.jp/atlanta/sugiyama/index.html
TAMARINE TANASUGARN
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Loge/8390
GUILLERMO VILAS
http://www.overnet.com.ar/Users/vilas.html
MALIVAI WASHINGTON - ProServ
http://maltennis.com/Found.html
DAVID WHEATON - IMG
JUDITH WIESNER - Advantage
VENUS WILLIAMS
http://surf.to/venuswilliams
TOOD WOODBRIDGE
http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/7298
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (2/6) - Rankings
Archive-name: sports/tennis-faq/rankings
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 2 of 6
Rankings
File Item Title
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2 2.1
ATP - ATP Tour Rankings (Men) . . . . . . . . .
2.2 WTA - COREL WTA TOUR Rankings (Women) . . . . .
2.3 WTA - Chase Championship Points (Women) . . . .
2.4 ATP Tour Rankings - List of #1's . . . . .
. .
2.5 COREL WTA TOUR Rankings - List of #1's . .
. .
2.6 Year End #1 Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1 ATP - ATP Tour Rankings (Men)
The following ranking points information is valid for 1997 and presented
courtesy of the ATP Tour. The source for this information is the ATP
Tour
Player Guide. Updated ranking lists are also available at the ATP Tour
web site (http://atptour.com).
Here is the complete information about the computer ranking points on
the
IBM/ATP Tour. Players are ranked on the basis of their best 14
results in
the previous 52 weeks. Prize money listed is on-site (not including
hotel
rooms, etc., called "hospitality") and is in U.S. Dollars.
Total
Computer Points
Category Prize Money
W F S Q
16 32 64 128
-------- -----------
--- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- -----
Grand Slams 4,750,000
750 537 325 163 82 41
20 1
5,000,000
Super 9 2,250,000-
370 265 160 80 40 20
10 1
(averaged) 2,500,000
Championship 2,000,000 360
258 155 78 39 20
1
Series 1,875,000
350 250 150 75 38 19
1
1,750,000 340 243 145 73
37 19 1
1,625,000 330 235 140 70
35 18 1
1,500,000 320 228 135 68
34 17 1
1,375,000 310 220 130 65
33 17 1
1,250,000 300 213 125 63
32 16 1
1,125,000 290 205 120 60
30 15 1
1,000,000 280 198 115 58
29 15 1
875,000 270 190 110 55
28 14 1
750,000 260 183 105 53
27 14 1
625,000 250 175 100 50
25 13 1
World 1,375,000
250 183 115 58 29 15
1
Series 1,250,000
240 175 110 55 28 14
1
1,125,000 230 168 105 53
27 14 1
1,000,000 220 160 100 50
25 13 1
875,000 210 153 95
48 24 12 1
750,000 200 145 90
45 23 12 1
625,000 190 138 85
43 22 11 1
550,000 180 130 80
40 20 10 1
475,000 170 123 75
38 19 10 1
400,000 160 115 70
35 18 9 1
325,000 150 108 65
33 17 1
250,000 140 100 60
30 15 1
175,000 130 93 55
28 14 1
Challengers* 125,000+H 100
73 45 23 12 1
125,000 90 65 40
20 10 1
100,000 80 58 35
18 9 1
75,000 70 50 30
15 8 1
50,000 60 43 25
13 7 1
* Any Challenger providing hospitality will receive the points of the
next
highest prize money level. (Note: 125,000 + H points are shown).
First Round Losers
------------------
First round losers always receive 1 point. Any player who reached the
second
round by drawing a bye and then loses will receive second round prize
money
but only 1 point.
Bonus Points
------------
Main Draw Bonus Points
----------------------
The following points are awarded for defeating a player ranked #1 through
200
or a doubles team ranked 2 through 400. The match must actually be
played,
not a walk-over. Double Bonus Points are awarded instead of Regular
Bonus
Points in the case of Grand Slam matches and best-of-5-set finals in
Super
9 ATP tournaments.
1. Singles
-------
Regular Double
Ranking
Bonus Points Bonus Points
-------
------------ ------------
1
50
100
2-5
45
90
6-10
36
72
11-20
24
48
21-30
18
36
31-50
12
24
51-75
6
12
75-100
3
6
101-150
2
4
151-200
1
2
2. Doubles
-------
Regular Double
Ranking
Bonus Points Bonus Points
-------
------------ ------------
2-3
50
100
4-10
45
90
11-20
36
72
21-40
24
48
41-60
18
36
61-100
12
24
101-150
6
12
151-200
3
6
201-300
2
4
301-400
1
2
You compute the sum of the doubles rankings of the opposing team
members (which could only be 2 if they were tied for #1) and thus
there is no #1 listed, and all the rankings are twice as much as the
corresponding singles rankings.
Qualifying Points
-----------------
A player or team gaining entry to an event through a qualifying
competition shall receive one half the points awarded to a second
round loser in the main draw, in addition to whatever points they
actually earn in the event.
In Grand Slam qualifying tournaments, players receive 1 point for
losing in the first round of qualifying, 3 points for losing in the
second round, and 5 points for losing in the third round. In
ATP
Championship Series Tournaments, players in qualifying receive 1 point
for losing in the first round and one quarter of the points a main
draw second round loser receives (plus bonus points) for losing in
the second round. As of 1997 bonus points for beating ranked
players
are awarded in Grand Slam and ATP Championship Series events.
Neither
ranking nor bonus points are awarded to players who fail to qualify
for ATP World Series tournaments.
Ranking Penalty: Withdrawals After 12 Noon Eastern Time USA
-----------------------------------------------------------
If a player withdraws from an event after 12 Noon Eastern Time USA
on
the Friday before the start of the event, he will be penalized in the
rankings by one event per 12 month period, e.g. he will be ranked by
his best 13 events instead of his best 14 events after one such
infraction, by his best 12 events after 2 such infractions, etc. The
penalty shall remain in force for 52 weeks after the time of the
infraction. This penalty shall be waived if, within the first
3 days
of the main draw, the player is examined on-site by the tournament
doctor and deemed incapable of competing at a professional level.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.2 WTA - COREL WTA TOUR Rankings (Women)
The women's computer rankings are determined as follows:
Points are awarded based on how far a player advances in a tournament.
Bonus points, based on the rankings of opponents beaten in each round,
are added.
On December 23, 1996, the COREL WTA TOUR ranking system transformed
from
an averaging system to a lump-sum system. Prior to this date,
the total
points awarded for each tournament played within a 52-week period were
added & then divided by the number of tournaments played in that
same
period (minimum divisor of 14 tournaments: if one played 13 or fewer,
her points were still divided by 14).
As of December 23, 1996, a simple sum of the ranking points awarded
for
each tournament played during the prior 52 weeks were computed.
As of
December 29, 1997, only the best 18 results pointwise during the last
52 weeks count toward a player's ranking. The ranking system
as of the
beginning of 1998 is therefore nearly identical to the ATP Tour's ranking
system except that it is "best 18" instead of "best 14."
The current ranking system awards points based on the tier of a
tournament as well as the type of draw (the number of players in the
main draw in a tournament).
Draw W F SF
QF R16 R32 R64 R128 Qfr Qu3 Qu2 Qu1
----------------------------------------------------------------
Grand Slams 128 520 364 234
130 72 44 26 2 16.5 12
6 2
WTA Chps 16 390
273 175 97 54 - -
- - - -
-
Lipton 96
260 182 117 65 36 22 13
1 11 6 3 1
Tier I 64
260 182 117 65 36 22 1
- 6 - 3
1
Tier I 32
260 182 117 65 36 1
- - 11 6 3
1
Tier II 64 200
140 90 50 26 14 1
- 5 - 3
1
Tier II 32 200
140 90 50 26 1 -
- 9 5 3
1
Tier III 64 140
98 63 35 18 10 1
- 4 - 2
1
Tier III 32 140
98 63 35 18 1 -
- 7 3 2
1
Tier IV 64
80 56 36 20 10 6
1 - 2.5 - 1.5 1
Tier IV 32
80 56 36 20 10 1
- - 4.5 3 2
1
$75,000 32
54 38 24 14 7
1 - - 2.5 2
1.5 1
$50,000 32
36 25 16 9 5
1 - - 2.5 2
1.5 1
$25,000 32
22 15 10 6 3
1 - - 1.5 1
0.5 0.25
$10,000 (M) 10
7 5 3 1 -
- - - -
- -
$10,000 32
5 4 2 1.5 1
0.5 - - 0.25 - -
-
$ 5,000 (M)
5 4 2 1.5 1
- - - -
- - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Prize Money : Tier I $926,250
Tier II $450,000
Tier III $164,250
Tier IV $107,500
Singles Quality (Bonus) Points Table:
Loser's
Rank Bonus Worth Grand Slam Points
-----------------------------------------------
1
100
150
2
75
113
3
66
99
4
55
83
5
50
75
6-10
43
65
11-16
35
53
17-25
23
35
26-35
15
23
36-50
10
15
51-75
8
12
76-120
4
6
121-250
2
3
251-500
1
1.5
501+
0
0
-----------------------------------------------
Doubles Quality (Bonus) Points Table:
Loser's
Rank* Bonus Worth Grand Slam Points
-----------------------------------------------
3-5 100
150
6-10
90
135
11-20
65
97.5
21-30
45
67.5
31-50
30
45
51-80
20
30
81-130 14
21
131-200
9
13.5
201-300
6
9
301-500
4
6
501+
2
3
-----------------------------------------------
* Combined rank of doubles team members
Source: COREL WTA TOUR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.3 WTA - Chase Championships Points (Women)
The Chase Championship points are used to determine the eligibility
for the year-end Chase Championships at the Madison Square Garden in
New York City (the top 16 qualify) and each player's share of the bonus
money pool.
The Chase Championship points for each player is the simple sum of
points she receives from all tournaments in a calendar year.
As of 1996,
the number of WTA Championships points a player earns for a performance
at a given tournament is equivalent to the number of WTA Tour rankings
points, including bonus points, received for that tournament.
Ranking
points details are outlined in section 2.2 of the FAQ.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.4 ATP Tour Rankings
- List of #1's Since August, 1973
Complete list of #1s on the ATP computer rankings (tennis, men's single)
Compiled by Shun Cheung
NAME
Duration Total (weeks)
----------------------------------------------------------------
1. Nastase 1973-08-23
to 1974-06-02 40
40
2. Newcombe 1974-06-03 to
1974-07-28 8
8
3. Connors 1974-07-29
to 1977-08-22 160 268
4. Borg
1977-08-23 to 1977-08-29 1
109
Connors
1977-08-30 to 1979-04-08 84
Borg
1979-04-09 to 1979-05-20 6
Connors
1979-05-21 to 1979-07-08 7
Borg
1979-07-09 to 1980-03-02 34
5. McEnroe 1980-03-03
to 1980-03-23 3 170
Borg
1980-03-24 to 1980-08-10 20
McEnroe
1980-08-11 to 1980-08-17 1
Borg
1980-08-18 to 1981-07-05 46
McEnroe
1981-07-06 to 1981-07-19 2
Borg
1981-07-20 to 1981-08-02 2
McEnroe
1981-08-03 to 1982-09-12 58
Connors
1982-09-13 to 1982-10-31 7
McEnroe
1982-11-01 to 1982-11-07 1
Connors
1982-11-08 to 1982-11-14 1
McEnroe
1982-11-15 to 1983-01-30 11
Connors
1983-01-31 to 1983-02-06 1
McEnroe
1983-02-07 to 1983-02-13 1
Connors
1983-02-14 to 1983-02-27 2
6. Lendl
1983-02-28 to 1983-05-15 11
270
Connors
1983-05-16 to 1983-06-05 3
McEnroe
1983-06-06 to 1983-06-12 1
Connors
1983-06-13 to 1983-07-03 3
McEnroe
1983-07-04 to 1983-10-30 17
Lendl
1983-10-31 to 1983-12-11 6
McEnroe
1983-12-12 to 1984-01-08 4
Lendl
1984-01-09 to 1984-03-11 9
McEnroe
1984-03-12 to 1984-06-10 13
Lendl
1984-06-11 to 1984-06-17 1
McEnroe
1984-06-18 to 1984-07-08 3
Lendl
1984-07-09 to 1984-08-12 5
McEnroe
1984-08-13 to 1985-08-18 53
Lendl
1985-08-19 to 1985-08-25 1
McEnroe
1985-08-26 to 1985-09-08 2
Lendl
1985-09-09 to 1988-09-11 157
7. Wilander 1988-09-12 to
1989-01-29 20 20
Lendl
1989-01-30 to 1990-08-12 80
8. Edberg 1990-08-13
to 1991-01-27 24
72
9. Becker 1991-01-28
to 1991-02-17 3
12
Edberg
1991-02-18 to 1991-07-07 20
Becker
1991-07-08 to 1991-09-08 9
Edberg
1991-09-09 to 1992-02-09 22
10. Courier 1992-02-10 to
1992-03-22 6
58
Edberg
1992-03-23 to 1992-04-12 3
Courier
1992-04-13 to 1992-09-13 22
Edberg
1992-09-14 to 1992-10-04 3
Courier
1992-10-05 to 1993-04-11 27
11. Sampras 1993-04-12 to
1993-08-22 19 218+
Courier
1993-08-23 to 1993-09-12 3
Sampras
1993-09-13 to 1995-04-09 82
12. Agassi 1995-04-10
to 1995-11-05 30
32
Sampras
1995-11-06 to 1996-01-28 12
Agassi
1996-01-29 to 1996-02-11 2
13. Muster 1996-02-12
to 1996-02-18 1
6
Sampras
1996-02-19 to 1996-03-10 3
Muster
1996-03-11 to 1996-04-14 5
Sampras
1996-04-15 to 1998-03-29 102
14. Rios
1998-03-30 to 1998-04-26 4
4
Sampras
1998-04-27 to ??
The ATP Tour computer rankings on men's singles tennis began in 1973.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.5 COREL WTA TOUR Rankings - List of #1's Since November,
1975
Complete list of #1s on the WTA computer rankings since November,
1975
(tennis, women's single)
Compiled by Shun Cheung
NAME
Duration Total (weeks)
----------------------------------------------------------------
1. Evert
1975-11- ? to 1978-07-09 ~140 ~262
2. Navratilova 1978-07-10 to 1979-01-13
27 331
Evert
1979-01-14 to 1979-01-27 2
Navratilova 1979-01-28 to
1979-02-24 4
Evert
1979-02-25 to 1979-04-15 7
Navratilova 1979-04-16 to
1979-06-24 10
Evert
1979-06-25 to 1979-09-09 11
Navratilova 1979-09-10 to
1980-04-06 30
3. Austin 1980-04-07
to 1980-04-20 2
22
Navratilova 1980-04-21 to
1980-06-30 10
Austin
1980-07-01 to 1980-11-17 20
Evert
1980-11-18 to 1982-05-02 76
Navratilova 1982-05-03 to
1982-05-16 2
Evert
1982-05-17 to 1982-06-13 4
Navratilova 1982-06-14 to
1985-06-09 156
Evert
1985-06-10 to 1985-10-13 18
Navratilova 1985-10-14 to
1985-10-27 2
Evert
1985-10-28 to 1985-11-24 4
Navratilova 1985-11-25 to
1987-08-16 90
4. Graf
1987-08-17 to 1991-03-10 186
377
5. Seles
1991-03-11 to 1991-08-04 21
177
Graf
1991-08-05 to 1991-08-11 1
Seles
1991-08-12 to 1991-08-18 1
Graf
1991-08-19 to 1991-09-08 3
Seles
1991-09-09 to 1993-06-06 91
Graf
1993-06-07 to 1995-02-05 87
6. Sanchez V. 1995-02-06 to 1995-02-19
2 12
Graf
1995-02-20 to 1995-02-26 1
Sanchez V. 1995-02-27
to 1995-04-09 6
Graf
1995-04-10 to 1995-05-14 5
Sanchez V. 1995-05-15
to 1995-06-11 4
Graf
1995-06-12 to 1995-08-20 10
Graf/Seles 1995-08-21
to 1996-11-03 63
Graf
1996-11-04 to 1996-11-17 2
Graf/Seles 1996-11-18
to 1996-11-24 1
Graf
1996-11-25 to 1997-03-30 18
7. Hingis 1997-03-31
to ??
Graf and Seles were co-#1s for part of 1995-96. Source: COREL
WTA TOUR
Media Guide
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.6 Year End #1 Players
Here is a list of players who have been raked #1 as of the end of a
calendar
year (i.e., they were the #1 player for that calendar year).
The list is
based on the ATP/WTA #1 rankings detailed in previous sections.
Year
Male #1 Female #1
----------------------------------------
1973
Nastase
1974
Connors
1975
Connors Evert
1976
Connors Evert
1977
Connors Evert
1978
Connors Navratilova
1979
Borg Navratilova
1980
Borg Evert
1981
McEnroe Evert
1982
McEnroe Navratilova
1983
McEnroe Navratilova
1984
McEnroe Navratilova
1985
Lendl Navratilova
1986
Lendl Navratilova
1987
Lendl Graf
1988
Wilander Graf
1989
Lendl Graf
1990
Edberg Graf
1991
Edberg Seles
1992
Courier Seles
1993
Sampras Graf
1994
Sampras Graf
1995
Sampras Graf
1996
Sampras Graf
1997
Sampras Hingis
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (1/6) -
Tournaments
Archive-name: sports/tennis-faq/tournaments
FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 1 of 6
Version 1.44 -- Last Modified 27 April 1998
Table of Contents
File Item Title
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1.1
Schedule of Grand Slam Tournaments (1998) . . .
1.2 Recent Grand Slam Event Highlights . . . .
. .
1.3 ATP Tour Championships and Grand Slam Cup . . .
1.4 Explanation of ATP Tour "Super 9" . . . . . . .
1.5 1998 Tournament Calendar . . . . . . . . .
. .
1.6 Davis Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7 Fed Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 2.1
ATP - ATP Tour Rankings (Men) . . . . . . . . .
2.2 WTA - COREL WTA Tour Rankings (Women) . . . . .
2.3 WTA - Chase Championship Points (Women) . . . .
2.4 ATP Tour Rankings - List of #1's . . . . .
. .
2.5 COREL WTA TOUR Rankings - List of #1's . .
. .
2.6 Year End #1 Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 3.1
Grand Slam Winners . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Grand Slam Event Winners - Open Era . . . . . .
3.3 Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won . . . .
3.4 Players - Career Singles Titles . . . . . . . .
3.5 Head-to-Head Records . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
3.6 Player and Fan Club Information . . . . . . . .
4 4.1
Buying a Tennis Racquet -- Issues to Consider .
4.2 Explanation of Racquet Grips . . . . . . .
. .
4.3 Facts About Frames and Strings . . . . . .
. .
4.4 Lead Tape and Its Application . . . . . . . . .
4.5 Racquet Stringing Information . . . . . . . . .
5 5.1
Tennis Information - World Wide Web . . . . . .
5.2 Other Online Tennis Information . . . . . . . .
5.3 ATP and WTA Media Guides . . . . . . . . .
. .
5.4 Addresses of TV and Tennis Organizations .
. .
5.5 Tennis Book Bibliography . . . . . . . . .
. .
6 6.1
Tennis Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 USTA Self Rating System . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 USTA Rules and Code On-Line . . . . . . . . . .
6.4 Origin of Scoring System in Tennis . . . .
. .
6.5 Tennis Tie-Break Rules . . . . . . . . . .
. .
6.6 Dimensions of a Tennis Court . . . . . . .
. .
6.7 Professional Tournament Seeding . . . . . . . .
6.8 World Team Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.9 Common Pro Tennis Acronyms . . . . . . . .
. .
A.1
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 Schedule of Grand Slam Tournaments (1998)
Event
Dates
---------------------------------------
Australian Open Jan 19
- Feb 1
French Open
May 25 - Jun 7
Wimbledon
Jun 22 - Jul 5
US Open
Aug 31 - Sep 13
---------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.2 Grand Slam Singles Results -- Quarterfinals Onward -- Last 4 GS Events
(Round of 16 Losers shown in parentheses)
Australian Open 1998 - Women:
(Basuki) Hingis
1 --------+ Hingis
|-------------+
(Nagyova) Pierce 5
--------+ 6-2 6-3 | Hingis
|-------------+
(Coetzer 3) Huber 10 --------+
Huber | 6-1 2-6 6-1 |
|-------------+
+-------------+
(Sugiyama 16) Sanchez 7 --------+ 7-6 7-5
| Hingis |
|
|
(Schett) Martinez 8
--------+ Martinez
| 6-3 6-3 |
|-------------+
+-------------+
(Tanasugarn) Testud 9 --------+
6-3 6-2 | Martinez |
|-------------+
(Schnyder) V Williams --------+
Davenport | 4-6 6-3 6-3
|-------------+
(Dragomir 15) Davenport 2 --------+ 1-6 7-5 6-3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Australian Open 1998 - Men:
(Arazi) Sampras
1 --------+ Kucera
|-------------+
(Fromberg) Kucera
--------+ 6-4 6-2 6-7 | Korda
6-3 |-------------+
(B Black) Bjorkman 4 --------+
Korda | 6-1 6-4 1-6 |
|-------------+ 6-2 +-------------+
(Pioline) Korda
6 --------+ 3-6 5-7 6-3
| Korda |
6-4 6-2
|
|
(Woodbridge) Escude
--------+ Escude
| 6-2 6-2 6-2 |
|-------------+
+-------------+
(Raoux)
Kiefer --------+ 4-6 3-6 6-4 | Rios
|
6-1 6-2 |-------------+
(Roux)
Rios 9 --------+ Rios |
6-1 6-3 6-2
|-------------+
(Agassi) Berasategui --------+
6-7 6-4 6-4
6-0
Doubles Finals -
Men : Bjorkman/Eltingh(5) d. Woodbridge/Woodforde(1)
6-2 5-7 2-6 6-4 6-3
Women: Hingis/Lucic d. Davenport/Zvereva(1)
6-4 2-6 6-3
Mixed: Gimelstob/V Williams d. Suk/Sukova
6-2 6-1
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
French Open 1997 - Women:
(Paulus 16) Hingis 1 --------+
Hingis
|-------------+
(Zvereva) Sanchez Vic. 6 --------+ 6-2 6-2
| Hingis
|-------------+
(Pierce 10) Seles 3
--------+ Seles | 6-7 7-5 6-4 |
|-------------+
+-------------+
(Raymond) M Fernandez 12 --------+ 3-6 6-2 7-5
| Majoli |
|
|
(Davenport 5) Majoli 9 --------+ Majoli
| 6-4 6-2 |
|-------------+
+-------------+
(Arendt) Dragomir
--------+ 6-3 5-7 6-2 | Majoli |
|-------------+
(Martinez 7) Coetzer 11 --------+ Coetzer
| 6-3 4-6 7-5
|-------------+
(Spirlea 13) Graf 2
--------+ 6-1 6-4
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
French Open 1997 - Men:
(Rosset 15) M Norman --------+
Dewulf
|-------------+
(Corretja 8) Dewulf
--------+ 6-2 6-7 6-4 | Kuerten
6-3 |-------------+
(Philippou.) Kafelnikov 3 --------+ Kuerten
| 6-1 3-6 6-1 |
|-------------+ 7-6 +-------------+
(Medvedev) Kuerten
--------+ 6-2 5-7 2-6
| Kuerten |
6-0 6-4
|
|
(Woodforde) Rafter
--------+ Rafter
| 6-3 6-4 6-2 |
|-------------+
+-------------+
(Korda)
Blanco --------+ 6-3 7-6 6-3 | Bruguera |
|-------------+
(Rios 7)
Arazi --------+ Bruguera | 6-7 6-1 7-5
|-------------+ 7-6
(Chang 2) Bruguera 16 --------+
4-6 6-3 6-2
6-2
Doubles Finals -
Men : Kafelnikov/Vacek(4) d. Woodbridge/Woodforde(1)
7-6 4-6 6-3
Women: G Fernandez/Zvereva(1) d. MJ Fernandez/Raymond(5)
6-2 6-3
Mixed: Hiraki/Bhupathi(16) d. Raymond/Galbraith(1)
6-4 6-1
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Wimbledon 1997 - Women:
(Appelmans) Hingis 1 --------+
Hingis
|-------------+
(Vento) Chladkova
--------+ 6-3 6-2 | Hingis
|-------------+
(Spirlea 12) Majoli 4 --------+
Kournikova | 6-3 6-2 |
|-------------+
+--------------+
(Sukova) Kournikova
--------+ 7-6 6-4
| Hingis |
|
|
(Hy-Boulais) Basuki
--------+ Novotna
| 2-6 6-3 6-3 |
|-------------+
+--------------+
(Fernandez 11) Novotna 3 --------+ 6-3 6-3
| Novotna |
|-------------+
(Pierce 9) Sanchez V. 8 --------+ Sanchez
| 6-4 6-2
|-------------+
(Testud)
Tauziat --------+ 6-2 7-5
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Wimbledon 1997 - Men:
(Korda 16) Sampras 1 --------+
Sampras
|-------------+
(Rios 9) Becker
8 --------+ 6-4 6-7 6-1 | Sampras
6-4 |-------------+
(Kafelnikov 3) Kiefer --------+
Woodbridge | 6-2 6-1 7-6 |
|-------------+
+--------------+
(Rafter 12) Woodbridge --------+ 7-6
2-6 6-0
| Sampras |
6-4
|
|
(Woodforde) Stich
--------+ Stich
| 6-4 6-2 6-4 |
|-------------+
+--------------+
(Krajicek 4) Henman 14 --------+ 6-3
6-2 6-4 | Pioline |
|-------------+
(Reneberg) Rusedski
--------+ Pioline | 6-7 6-2 6-1
|-------------+ 5-7 6-4
(Steven)
Pioline --------+ 6-4 4-6 6-4
6-3
Doubles Finals -
Men : Woodbridge/Woodforde(1) d. Eltingh/Haarhuis(2)
7-6 7-6 5-7 6-3
Women: G Fernandez/Zvereva(1) d. Arendt/Bollegraf(6)
7-6 6-4
Mixed: Suk/Sukova(4) d. Olhovskiy/Neiland(3)
4-6 6-3 6-4
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
US Open 1997 - Women:
(Labat)
Hingis 1 --------+ Hingis
|-------------+
(McQuillan) Sanchez 13 --------+ 6-3
6-2 | Hingis
|-------------+
(Fernandez 12) Novotna 3 --------+ Davenport
| 6-2 6-4 |
|-------------+
+--------------+
(Serna) Davenport 6
--------+ 6-2 4-6 7-6
| Hingis |
|
|
(Kruger) V Williams
--------+ Williams
| 6-0 6-4 |
|-------------+
+--------------+
(Habsudova) Testud
--------+ 7-5 7-5 | Williams
|
|-------------+
(Coetzer 5) Spirlea 11 --------+ Spirlea
| 7-6 3-6 7-6
|-------------+
(Pierce 9) Seles 2
--------+ 6-7 7-6 6-3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
US Open 1997 - Men:
(Sampras 1) Korda 15 --------+
Bjorkman
|-------------+
(Draper) Bjorkman
--------+ 7-6 6-2 1-0 | Rusedski
ret |-------------+
(Vacek)
Rusedski --------+ Rusedski | 6-1 3-6 3-6 |
|-------------+ 6-3 7-5 +--------------+
(Mantilla 12) Krajicek --------+ 7-5
7-6 7-6
| Rafter |
| 6-3 6-2 4-6 |
(Ferreira) Larsson
--------+ Rafter
| 7-5 |
|-------------+
+--------------+
(Agassi) Rafter 13
--------+ 7-6 6-4 6-2 | Rafter |
|-------------+
(Bruguera 7) Rios 10 --------+
Chang | 6-3 6-3 6-4
|-------------+
(Pioline) Chang
2 --------+ 7-5 6-2 4-6
4-6 6-3
Doubles Finals -
Men : Kafelnikov/Vacek(4) d. Bjorkman/Kulti(11)
7-6 6-3
Women: Davenport/Novotna(3) d. G Fernandez/Zvereva(1)
6-3 6-4
Mixed: Bollegraf/Leach(5) d. Paz/Albano
3-6 7-5 7-6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.3 The ATP Championships and the Grand Slam Cup
On the men's tour, there are two year-end singles championships: the
ATP
Tour World Championship and the Grand Slam Cup. There is also
a year-end
doubles championship: The ATP Tour World Doubles Championship.
The ATP Tour World Championship
The ATP Tour World Championship in Hannover, Germany is the last singles
event on the ATP Tour in a calendar year. The top eight (8) players
in the
ATP rankings as of the Monday of the tournament qualify, while the
ninth
player is the alternate. The ATP rankings for this week only
consists of
the "best 14" results from all tournaments in that calendar year, up
to
and including the week immediately prior to the ATP Tour World Championship.
In other words, points received from this tournament in the previous
year
are NOT included in the calculation of rankings.
The eight players are divided into two groups of four. Within
each group,
the four players face one another exactly once in round robin matches.
The
top two finishers from each group advance to the semi-final.
Within each
group, the two players who win the most matches finish 1 and 2.
If there
is a tie between two players, the one who wins their head-to-head match
wins the tie. If there is a three-way tie, the percentage of sets won
will
be used to break the tie. If there is still a tie, the percentage
of games
won will be used to break the tie.
In the semi-final, the top finisher from one group plays the second
from
the other. The semi-final winners advance to the final, which
is best-of-
five tie-break sets (i.e. if the fifth set is tied at 6-6, the players
will play a tie break to decide the match and therefore the championship).
All other matches are best-of-three tie-break sets.
In 1996, players received the following ranking points from the ATP
Tour
World Championship.
each round robin match won: 80 points
winning a semi-final match: 190 points
winning the final:
280 points
No bonus points are given for beating ranked players in this tournament.
For example, if a player wins all three round robin matches and of
course
the semi and final on the way to the title, he would have received:
80 * 3 + 190 + 280 = 710 points
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The ATP Tour World Doubles Championship
The ATP World Doubles Championship is the year-ending championship for
the top doubles teams on the ATP Tour. In 1996, the doubles championship
was held in the United States in Hartford, CT. The top eight
(8)
doubles teams as of the Monday of the tournament qualify for the event.
Note that qualification is based on team rather than individual doubles
rankings.
As with the ATP Singles Championship, the early rounds of the doubles
championship is a round robin event featuring two groups of four teams.
The two top teams in each group, determined by round robin match results,
advance to the semifinals, whereupon a single-elimination draw format
is followed to ultimately determine the winner.
---------------------------------------
The Grand Slam Cup
The Grand Slam Cup in Munich, Germany is a tournament created by the
ITF
(International Tennis Federation). The Grand Slam Cup is not
an ATP Tour
event. No ranking points are awarded with this event, but the
match
results do count toward the ATP head-to-head records (this is a change
from previous policy), and the Grand Slam Cup is now considered as
an
official career title.
Eligibility for the Grand Slam Cup is determined by a player's results
from the four Grand Slam events in that calendar year. The players
are
awarded a certain number of points depending on how far they advance
in
each event. The top 16 with the highest number of total points qualify.
Seedings for this event is determined by the GS points, NOT the usual
rankings. The first two rounds of the Grand Slam Cup are best
of three
sets. The semi and final are best of five sets. If a match
reaches the
maximum set, that set has to be won by game advantage. That is, there
is
no tie break in the 3rd set of best-of-three matches nor the 5th set
of
best-of-five matches.
Grand Slam Cup points from GS events:
winner:
600
finalist: 450
semi finalist: 300
quarter finalist: 150
round of 16: 75
third round: 40
second round: 20
first round: 2
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1.4 Explanation of ATP "Super 9"
The tournaments on the ATP tour are designated into two main
tiers
(excluding Challenger events), called Championship Series and
World
Series. Championship series events offer more prize money
and attract
bigger-name players.
The ATP has given special status to 9 of their Championship Series
tournaments. These tournaments are known as the Super
9.
An ATP Top Ten player is supposed to play in at least 8 of these
9
special events, and each event must field at least eight of
the Top
Ten men (singles). The idea is to get the top players
to play each
other more often and add prestige to selected ATP events.
Super 9 Tour Dates in 1998:
Event Location
Surface Dates
1998 Champion
--------------
------- -----
-------------
Indian Wells
Hard
Mar 9-15 Rios
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/bngusenet/rec/sport/tennis/top.html