Directions:

1. What are the three major reasons that we must be cautious about drawing conclusions about how foragers lived in the distant past from observations of foragers who live today? (p. 94)

2. What are the three major reasons for the switch to food production? (p. 108) Could human populations today go back to hunting and gathering? Why or why not?

3. What are the major differences between horticulture and intensive agriculture? What sociological differences exist between the two? (pgs. 98-103)

4. What are the general features or cultural features of food collection?

5. Refer to the Current Issues box titled "The Effect of Food-Getting on the Environment," (page 106). What is the biggest environmental problem with irrigation? What was the experience of the Hohokam of Arizona? How does this relate to the San Joaquin Valley of California?

6. Visit modern day food producers on their Website. Visit the Adams Ranch and tell about their philosophy of raising cattle to the environment (found in the Adams Ranch Program).

7. Describe slash-and-burn agriculture.

8. What is pastoralism? Conduct a web search of pastoralism. Try different search topics from your text if you find nothing on pastoralism. What did you find? Cut and paste the Internet address (found in Netsite box in Netscape) to your answer.

9. What is horticulture and what are the tools of horticulture technology?

10. After reading Dr. Mike McDonald's description of Irish farming, look for other places with similar farming on the Internet. Compare the two. (Don't forget to include the Internet address in your answer.